Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine combined effect of Xylopia aethiopica seed (Xa) and Monodora myristica seed extracts (Mm) on haematological parameters{pack cell volume (PCV), haemoglobin (Hb) , red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood count (WBC) } and lipid profile {Total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), highdensity lipoproteins (HDL) and low-density lipoproteins (LDL) }in cyanide exposed rats. The study was conducted using 32 male rats weighing between 120 to 150 g. The rats were divided into 8 groups of 4 rats in each group as follows; Group 1: (control), Group 2: cyanide control (exposed to cyanide only), Group 3: given Xa only, Group 4: given Mm only, Group 5: Xa+ Mm mixture only, Group 6: cyanide + Xa, Group 7: cyanide + Mm and Group 8: cyanide plus (Xa+Mm). The rats in Groups 3-8,were given the spice extracts 60mg (Xa, Mm and Xa+Mm mixture) at 1ml/kg three times per week, and Rats in Groups 2, 6, 7 and 8 received CN in form of NaCN solution at concentration of 9.0 mg/kg in the drinking tap water every day for 4 weeks. The results showed that the haematological parameters (PCV, HB, RBC and WBC) was significantly (p>0.05) increased in all the Groups treated with the Xa and Mm extracts (Groups 6, 7 and 8) when compared with the untreated Group 2. However there was no significant difference in the haematological parameters between the groups given the mixture of the two plant extracts Group 8 (Xa +Mm) and those given the two extracts separately Group 6 and 7). Results from the lipid profile indicated a significant decrease TC, LDL and TG in all the cyanide exposed rats treated with the extracts (Group 6, 7 and 8) when compared with the untreated Group 2, However a significantly lower TC, LDL and TG was indicated in Group 8 rats given the mixture when compared with Group 6 and 7 given Xa and Mm separately. In conclusion, the result indicates that although both extracts are able to improve the haematological and lipid profile parameters in cyanide exposed rats, the combined extracts (Xa+ Mm) gave better results in the lipid profile compared with the individual plant extracts in cyanide exposed rats.Keywords: Monodora myristica, Xylopia aethiopica, cyanide, lipid profile
Highlights
Cyanide is among the most potent cytotoxic poisons known to humans and animals (Mathangi andNamasivayam, 2000)
A deficiency can result from a decrease inthe amount of hemoglobin molecules, as in anemia, or by a decrease in the ability of each molecule to bind oxygen at the same partial pressure of oxygen. The results in this present study indicates that the PCV and Hb level were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in all rats exposed to cyanide (Groups 2,6,7 and 8) when compared to control (Group1) .Treatment of the rats with X. aethiopica, M. myristica and X. aethiopica and M. myristica mixture indicated significant increase when compared with the control (Group1).This is in agreement with the work of Onyebuagu et al (2014) and Agomuo et al, (2014) that worked on Xylopia aethiopica seed (Xa) and Mm respectively
Among the rats exposed to cyanide a significant increase was indicated in both the rats treated with the individual extracts (Groups 6 and 7) and the combined extract (Group 8) when compared with Group 2 not treated
Summary
Cyanide is among the most potent cytotoxic poisons known to humans and animals (Mathangi andNamasivayam, 2000) It occurs naturally and has been detected in surface water (WHO, 2004). M. myristica Gaertn is perennial tree growing in the tropical rainforest in Liberia Angola, Nigeria, Cameroon, Ghana, Uganda and West Kenya (Weiss, 2002). It is a wild plant among the most used as food and drug. Cholesterol is essential for the normal functioning of all animal cells and is a fundamental constituent of cell membranes It functions, as precursors of different substances in the body, such as adrenal, gonadal steroid hormones and bile acids used in the emulsification of fats. Triglycerides are fatty acid esters of glycerol and they represent the main lipid component of dietary fat and fat deposits in animals.While high density lipoprotein, mostly referred to as “the good cholesterol”, functions in the amelioration of excess of fatty acids in the blood, by carrying them to the liver to be metabolized. (Mard-Soltani, et al, 2012)
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