Abstract
Background: In previous studies, both 17β-estradiol (E2) and resveratrol (RES) were reported to protect intervertebral disc cells against aberrant apoptosis. Given that E2 has a better anti-apoptotic effect with more cancer risk and RES has an anti-apoptotic effect with less cancer risk, the combined use of E2 with RES is promising in developing clinical therapies to treat apoptosis-related diseases such as intervertebral disc degeneration in the future. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the combined effect of E2 with RES on rat nucleus pulposus cells and the underlying mechanisms. Methods: TUNEL assay and FACS analysis were used to determine apoptotic incidence of nucleus pulposus cells. MTS assay was used to determine cell viability, and cellular binding assay was used to determine cell-ECM (extracellular matrix) ability. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR was to determine mRNA level of target genes. And Western blot was used to determine the protein level. Results: Both E2 and RES decreased apoptotic incidence when used singly; interestingly, they decreased apoptosis more efficiently when used combinedly. Meanwhile, E2 and RES combined together against the decrease of cell viability and binding ability resulting from IL-1β cytotoxicity. As well, activated caspase-3 was suppressed by the combined effect. Furthermore, IL-1β downregulated expression level of type II collagen and aggrecan (standing for anabolism), while upregulated MMP-3 and MMP-13 (standing for catabolism). However, the combined use of E2 with RES effectively abolished the above negative effects caused by IL-1β, better than either single use. Finally, it turned out to be that E2 and RES combined together against apoptosis via the activation of PI3K/Akt/caspase-3 pathway. Conclusion: This study presented that IL-1β induced aberrant apoptosis, which was efficiently resisted by the combined use of E2 with RES via PI3K/Akt/caspase-3 pathway.
Highlights
IntroductionIntervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is commonly seen, and is often associated with lower back pain
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is commonly seen, and is often associated with lower back pain. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that aberrant apoptosis and accelerated ageing of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs) are considered as the two major cellular processes which are closely related to IVDD (Le, Freemont & Hoyland, 2007; Yang et al, 2015)
Data show that the gene expression levels of MMP-3 and MMP-13 are both increased while the levels of type II collagen and aggrecan are decreased, due to cytotoxic effect of IL-1b
Summary
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IVDD) is commonly seen, and is often associated with lower back pain. RES can effectively restrain inflammatory factor IL-6, IL-8 (Wuertz et al, 2011), suppress catabolism including MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 (Li et al, 2008; Wuertz et al, 2011; Kwon, 2013), and enhance anabolism of proteoglycan (Li et al, 2008) In previous studies, both 17b-estradiol (E2) and resveratrol (RES) were reported to protect intervertebral disc cells against aberrant apoptosis. Conclusion: This study presented that IL-1b induced aberrant apoptosis, which was efficiently resisted by the combined use of E2 with RES via PI3K/Akt/caspase-3 pathway
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
