Abstract
Combined CUTLASS, EISCAT and ESR observations of ionospheric plasma flows at the onset of an isolated substorm
Highlights
The ionospheric electrojets during the substorm expansion phase are known to have a highly time-dependent electric ®eld and conductivity structure, as a consequence of the ®elds and particle precipitation imposed on the nightside ionosphere by the Earth's magnetotail
The ionospheric convection velocities in this study are provided by a combination of four ionospheric radar systems, the CUTLASS-Hankasalmi (Finland) and CUTLASS-3ykkvibñr (Iceland) radars of the SuperDARN chain of coherent scatter high frequency (HF) radars (Greenwald et al, 1995), the EISCAT VHF radar at Tromsù (e.g. Rishbeth and Williams, 1985) and the EISCAT Svalbard radar (ESR), located at Longyearbyen (e.g. Wannberg et al, 1997)
The detailed measurements of the ionosphericow velocities and particle precipitation regions provided by the EISCAT, ESR and Hankasalmi beam 9 observations in Sect. 3.3 may be put into context by twodimensional observations of ionosphericows and auroral intensity from the CUTLASS pair of SuperDARN radars and the Polar ultraviolet imager (UVI) instrument, respectively
Summary
The ionospheric electrojets during the substorm expansion phase are known to have a highly time-dependent electric ®eld and conductivity structure, as a consequence of the ®elds and particle precipitation imposed on the nightside ionosphere by the Earth's magnetotail. Incoherent scatter radars oer an excellent technique for the study of both the ionosphericow velocities and ionospheric particle precipitation during the substorm expansion phase. The capabilities of coherent scatter radars (CUTLASS) and incoherent scatter radars (EISCAT and the EISCAT Svalbard radar, the ESR) are combined to provide a detailed study of the electrodynamics of the ®rst few minutes of evolution of the eastern edge of the substormdisturbed electrojet region at the expansion phase onset
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