Combined cardiac risk factors predict COVID-19 related mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in Coptic Clergy

Abstract

Abstract Background and aims The clinical adverse events of COVID-19 among clergy worldwide have been found higher than among ordinary communities, probably because of the nature of their work. The aim of this study, was to assess the impact of cardiac risk factors on COVID-19-related mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in Coptic clergy. Methods Of 1576 Coptic clergy participating in the COVID-19-Clergy study, serving in Egypt, USA and Europe, 213 had the infection and were included in this analysis. Based on the presence of systemic arterial hypertension (AH), participants were divided into two groups: Group-I, Clergy with AH (n=77) and Group-II, without AH (n=136).Participants' demographic indices, cardiovascular risk factors, COVID-19 management details and related mortality were assessed. Results Clergy with AH were older (p<0.001), more obese (p=0.04), had frequent type 2 diabetes (DM) (p=0.001), dyslipidemia (p=0.001) and coronary heart disease (CHD) (p=0.04) compared to those without AH. COVID-19 treatment at home, hospital or in intensive care did not differ between the patient groups (p>0.05 for all). Clergy serving in Northern and Southern Egypt had a higher mortality rate compared to those from Europe and the USA combined (5.22%, 6.38%, 0%; p=0.001). The impact of AH on mortality was significant only in Southern Egypt (10% vs. 3.7%; p=0.01) but not in Northern Egypt (4.88% vs. 5.81%; p=0.43). In multivariate analysis, CHD OR 1.607 [(0.982 to 3.051); p=0.02] and obesity, OR 3.403 [(1.902 to 4.694); p=0.04]predicted COVID-19 related mortality. A model combining cardiac risk factors (systolic blood pressure (SBP) ≥160 mmHg, DM, obesity, dyslipidemia and history of CHD), was the most powerful independent predictor of COVID-19-related mortality, OR 4.813 [(2.011 to 7.017); p=0.008]. The same model also proved the best independent multivariate predictor of mechanical ventilation OR 1.444 [(0.949 to 11.88); p=0.001]. Conclusion In Coptic clergy, the cumulative impact of risk factors is the most powerful predictor of mortality and the need for mechanical ventilation in Coptic clergy. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.