Abstract
BackgroundThe polymorphism of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN), which encodes a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory cytokines belonging to IL-1 family and Haptoglobin (HP) have been studied in various ethnic groups in association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk and related complications. However, there was no study available among the Emirati population. Hence, we designed a combined study on IL-1RN and HP polymorphism to evaluate their association with prevalence of T2DM, related complication and hypertension and also its interaction with obesity status among Emirati population.Methods IL-1RN and HP genotypes were determined in total 487 Emiratis divided in two groups of T2DM case (n = 271) and healthy controls (n = 215) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) followed by gel electrophoresis. Gene-gene interaction and polymorphism-obesity interaction were determined by multivariate logistic regression analysis.ResultsWe found that the frequencies of IL-1RN*1/*1 and HP2-2 genotypes were significantly higher in cases than control and were associated with increased T2DM risk with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.60 (95 % CI 1.10–2.36) and 1.63 (95 % CI 1.11–2.64), respectively. The association lack any interaction with obesity status. Associations with occurrences of T2DM related complications and hypertension were not observed.ConclusionsWe report an association of IL-1RN and HP polymorphism with T2DM risk independent of each other and of obesity status but no association with related complications and hypertension.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s40200-016-0232-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Highlights
The polymorphism of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN), which encodes a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory cytokines belonging to IL-1 family and Haptoglobin (HP) have been studied in various ethnic groups in association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk and related complications
The interaction of HP genotypes (1–1, 1–2, 2–2), IL-1RN genotypes (*1/*1 and *2/*2) with each other and with obesity and hypertension in relation to T2DM risk was evaluated with logistic regression using the two by four tables
Association of IL-1RN variable number of tandem repeat (VNTR) and HP 1/2 polymorphism with T2DM risk regardless of obesity status The results of logistic regression analysis for three gene transmission models for HP 2 allele showed that odd ratios were significant only in dominant model (HP2-2 + 1-2 Vs 1–1, [odds ratio (OR) = 1.63 (95%CI 1.11–2.64, p = 0.0442)] (Table 3) demonstrating HP 1–2 or 2–2 genotype as a risk factor for T2DM occurrence
Summary
The polymorphism of Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene (IL-1RN), which encodes a natural antagonist of pro-inflammatory cytokines belonging to IL-1 family and Haptoglobin (HP) have been studied in various ethnic groups in association with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) risk and related complications. The recent update from 6th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas estimated 382 million people to have diabetes worldwide, with dramatic increases seen in countries all over the world including the Middle East North African region (MENA) region in which 34.6 million people, or 9.2 % of the adult population have diabetes. This number is set to almost double to 67.9 million by 2035, which is. HP genotypes have been linked to susceptibility to various T2DM related complications especially CVDs [5, 14] because of its involvement in states of oxidation and inflammation
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