Abstract
Phosphate fertilizer affects the rice yield and has a critical role in arable land management. Biochar regulates soil nutrient and soil microbe taxa composition. Our study aimed to elucidate the effects of co-application for biochar-phosphate on soil nutrient indicators, soil microorganisms, and crop production. Our experiment was set up as follows: 0 t/hm2, 28 t/hm2, and 55 t/hm2 biochar application rates with 20 kg/hm2, 40 kg/hm2, and 60 kg/hm2 phosphate fertilizer. The rice yield and soil nutrient indexes were observed and the differences between groups were analyzed based on multiple comparisons. 16S ribosomal DNA sequencing was used to analyze the soil bacteria structure. Redundancy analysis was performed to obtain the correlation relationships between microbial community marker species, soil nutrient indexes, and rice yield. The results showed that a higher application rate of biochar led to a significant alteration in the soil water content, bulk density, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, and available phosphate content. In addition, high concentrations of biochar-phosphate fertilizer application elevated the soil bacterial diversity. Biochar had various effects on the relative abundance of soil bacteria taxa. Our study provided a theoretical basis for exploring efficient fertilization strategies in the rice cultivation industry and shed light on the extensive biochar application in agriculture production.
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