Combined and complex vascular malformations

Abstract

The correct diagnosis of vascular malformations is obtainable by clinical assessment and patient history in the majority of cases. Nonetheless, confusion in nomenclature, existence of multiple classifications and rarity of these lesions leads to misdiagnosis and related wrong treatment. This is especially the case in combined or complex vascular malformations or vascular malformations that are part of syndromes as these have overlapping clinical and imaging features. New entities in the field of vascular anomalies have been described recently like fibro-adipose vascular anomaly or central conducting lymphatic anomalies.