Abstract
The upgrades of the CMS and ATLAS experiments for the high luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider will employ precision timing detectors based on Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs). We present a suite of results combining measurements from the Fermilab Test Beam Facility, a beta source telescope, and a probe station, allowing full characterization of the HPK type 3.1 production of LGAD prototypes developed for these detectors. We demonstrate that the LGAD response to high energy test beam particles is accurately reproduced with a beta source. We further establish that probe station measurements of the gain implant accurately predict the particle response and operating parameters of each sensor, and conclude that the uniformity of the gain implant in this production is sufficient to produce full-sized sensors for the ATLAS and CMS timing detectors.
Highlights
Future colliders, including the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN, will operate with instantaneous luminosities at least five times higher than current LHC running conditions
Enabled by the development of a 16-channel readout board at Fermilab, we demonstrate for the first time the successful operation of a large, 16-pad Low Gain Avalanche Detectors (LGADs) sensor using 120 GeV protons at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF)
We report comprehensive studies of HPK type 3.1 LGAD prototypes for the CMS and ATLAS timing detectors, including testbeam, beta source, and probe station measurements
Summary
Future colliders, including the high luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC) at CERN, will operate with instantaneous luminosities at least five times higher than current LHC running conditions. We follow several approaches to study the LGAD batch produced in 2018 by Hamamatsu, hereafter referred to as HPK type 3.1 LGADs. Enabled by the development of a 16-channel readout board at Fermilab, we demonstrate for the first time the successful operation of a large, 16-pad LGAD sensor using 120 GeV protons at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF). Enabled by the development of a 16-channel readout board at Fermilab, we demonstrate for the first time the successful operation of a large, 16-pad LGAD sensor using 120 GeV protons at the Fermilab Test Beam Facility (FTBF) These measurements demonstrate an HPK type 3.1 LGAD sensor that meets the uniformity in efficiency, gain, and time resolution that are required for the CMS and ATLAS timing detectors.
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