Abstract
The biological treatment of a synthetic slaughterhouse wastewater (SSWW) was studied using an anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR) and an aerobic activated sludge (AS) at a laboratory scale, with total organic carbon (TOC) loading rates of 0.03–1.01 g/(L.day), total nitrogen (TN) loading rates of 0.01–0.19 g/(L.day), and a flow rate of 2.93 to 11.70 mL/min in continuous mode. Results revealed that combined anaerobic-aerobic processes had higher efficiency to treat SSWW than a single process. Up to 96.36% TOC, 80.53% TN, and 99.38% 5-day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (CBOD5) removal from an influent concentration of 1,008.85 mgTOC/L, 419.77 mgTN/L, and 640 mgCBOD5/L at the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 6.24 days and a flow rate of 3.75 mL/min was achieved. The UV/H2O2 process was studied to treat a secondary effluent of SSWW with TOC loadings of 64.88–349.84 mg/L. Up to 75.22% TOC and 84.38% CBOD5 removal were obtained for an influent concentration of 64.88 mgTOC/L at the HRT of 3 h with H2O2 concentration of 900 mg/L. An optimum molar ratio dosage of 13.87 mgH2O2/mgTOCin was also obtained. Combined anaerobic-aerobic and UV/H2O2 processes enhanced the biodegradability of the TOC, TN, and CBOD5 present in the SSWW. Up to 99.98% TOC, 82.84% TN, and 99.69% CBOD5 overall removals were obtained for an influent concentration of 1,004.88 mgTOC/L, 200.03 mgTN/L, and 640 mgCBOD5/L at the HRT of 4 days and a flow rate of 5.90 mL/min. A cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) was performed for the optimum conditions for the SSWW treatment by optimizing total electricity cost and HRT, in which the combined anaerobic-aerobic and UV/H2O2 processes had an optimal TOC removal of 92.46% at an HRT of 41 h, a cost of $1.25/kg of TOC removed, and $11.60/m3 of treated SSWW. This process reaches a maximum TOC removal of 99% in 76.5 h with an estimated cost of $2.19/kg TOC removed and $21.65/m3 treated SSWW.
Highlights
The increasing growth of the world’s population has increased the pollution of freshwater due to the discharge of inadequately treated industrial and municipal wastewater
This chapter presents the results of the experimental work, the characteristics of the slaughterhouse wastewater (SSWW), the performance and the treatment ability of the anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), the aerobic activated sludge (AS), and the UV/H2O2 processes, as well as their combination in the removal of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) from SSWW
This is followed by the discussion of the optimum H2O2 dosage and the molar ratio of [H2O2]/[TOC] for the UV/H2O2 process obtained under specific operating conditions discussed in the material and methods chapter, as well as a cost-effectiveness analysis to present the best alternative among the different configurations evaluated during this study
Summary
The increasing growth of the world’s population has increased the pollution of freshwater due to the discharge of inadequately treated industrial and municipal wastewater. The problem increases daily, especially in developing countries (Amit and Rupali, 2004; Leitao et al, 2006; Krishna et al, 2009; Feng et al, 2009). For this reason, water and wastewater treatment has become very important for the continuing development of current society. The continuing decreasing availability of freshwater resources has rearranged the objectives in the wastewater treatment field from disposal to reuse and recycling. Given the differences in location, economic resources, and living standards of different countries and characteristics of water and its pollutants, many nations adopt diverse techniques for water and wastewater treatment
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