Abstract
Appropriate Greenhouse Gas (GHGs) mitigation action has become a promising concern because of its feasibility and sustainability. This article reviews mitigation approaches taken by European Union’s electricity sector to promote appropriate reduction in large developing country. From an applicable and integrated aspect, it examines Emission Trading Scheme (EU ETS), carbon tax, Clean Development Mechanism, Joint Implementation, green electricity market, carbon capture and sequestration, and energy efficiency. Then the successful experiences and lessons on this case are identified. The former include: allow diverse approaches coexistence, establish ancillary service system, and make carbon market serve for electricity market. The latter contain that price fluctuates inappropriately, obligation is distorted, no banking for allowances operated in the first period, and part of abatement approaches conflict mutually. Based on these results, this article proposes a framework of combinatorial mitigation actions which is characterized as integral, collaborative and appropriate reduction. It is composed of: i) construct intensity-based carbon market; ii) make diverse approaches collaborative; iii) build synergy between mitigation approaches and electricity market; iv) enhance carbon management and auditing system; and v) reform aging power plants with low carbon technologies. Although numerous challenges lie ahead, this framework has the potential to reduce GHGs from electricity industry extensively and sustainably.
Highlights
The influences of climate change include global public health pressures, increasing typhoon intensity and frequency, heat wave, flood damage, more contagious infections, security of foods and water, higher sea level, and social and economic destroys (Dhar et al, 2009)
Combating climate change offers a rigorous challenge to power industry worldwide, especially for large developing country such as India and China, where electricity sector has emitted considerable Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) while addressing urgent poverty requires electricity grows quickly
From an applicable and integrated aspect, this article carefully examines EU Emission Trading Scheme (ETS), carbon tax, Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) and Joint Implementation (JI), green electricity market, renewable energy, and energy efficiency policies. In lieu of these surveys, valuable experiences on mitigation in power sector are offered, which include, i) allow diverse mitigation approaches coexistence to offset carbon risk; ii) establish ancillary service system for carbon trade; and iii) make carbon market serve for electricity market
Summary
The influences of climate change include global public health pressures, increasing typhoon intensity and frequency, heat wave, flood damage, more contagious infections, security of foods and water, higher sea level, and social and economic destroys (Dhar et al, 2009). Besides electricity sector contributes to a large portion of anthropogenic GHGs, change in power sources structure is more flexible than convert energy supply in transport and other sectors (Convery et al, 2008) Both of them offer a huge abatement potential in this sector. It planed to reduce carbon intensity by a further 20-25 percent between 2005 and 2020.2 In the United States, electric power sector contributes over 33 percent of its total GHGs, so has been the Shijun Fu: Combinatorial Mitigation Actions: A Case Study on European Union’s Electricity Sector focus of several state-sponsored mitigation initiatives (EPA, 2007) It is an obligation for electricity sector to mitigate GHGs to prevent climate change reaching a dangerous level. The fourth section proposes a framework for GHGs reduction in electricity sector of large developing country and lastly, a brief conclusion is held in the final section
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