Abstract
BackgroundAllergic rhinitis (AR), allergic conjunctivitis (AC), and asthma composing multiple phenotypes and improved understanding of these phenotypes and their respective risk factors are needed.ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to define the prevalence of AR, AC, and asthma and their association with allergen‐specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) sensitization in a large cohort of blood donors and identify risk factors.MethodsFrom the nationwide population‐based Danish Blood Donor Study, 52,976 participants completed an electronic questionnaire including AR, AC, asthma, allergic predisposition, and childhood residence. Of these, 25,257 were additionally tested for sIgE to inhalation allergens (Phadiatop).ResultsThe prevalence of sIgE sensitization, AR, AC, and asthma was 30%, 19%, 15%, and 9%, respectively. The youngest birth cohorts had the highest prevalence of sIgE sensitization and symptoms of asthma, AR, and AC, and for asthma, they apparently experienced symptoms at an earlier age. The sIgE sensitization was positively associated with male sex. The sIgE seroprevalence was higher in participants with both AR and AC (ARC) than in participants with either AR or AC. Allergic predisposition and sIgE sensitization increased the risk of the diseases, while farm upbringing was associated with reduced prevalence of ARC, however, only in sIgE sensitized participants.ConclusionBirth year, childhood residence, sIgE sensitization, and allergic predisposition were associated with asthma, AR, and AC prevalence. Individuals with self‐reported ARC represent a primarily sIgE‐positive phenotype, while those with either AR or AC represent more diverse phenotypes.
Highlights
Allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis and asthma are common chronic diseases in the adult population with a prevalence of 20%–26% and 7%–11%, respectively.1–3 Prevalence of the diseases has increased over the last 20 years,4 and they negatively affect the quality of life5,6 and performance in school and at work.7,8 In allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central mediator of allergic inflammation induced by allergen inhalation
The specific immunoglobulin E (sIgE) seroprevalence was higher in participants with both Allergic rhinitis (AR) and AC (ARC) than in participants with either AR or AC
Allergic predisposition and sIgE sensitization increased the risk of the diseases, while farm upbringing was associated with reduced prevalence of Allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis (ARC), only in sIgE sensitized participants
Summary
Allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis and asthma are common chronic diseases in the adult population with a prevalence of 20%–26% and 7%–11%, respectively. Prevalence of the diseases has increased over the last 20 years, and they negatively affect the quality of life and performance in school and at work. In allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central mediator of allergic inflammation induced by allergen inhalation. Allergic rhino‐conjunctivitis and asthma are common chronic diseases in the adult population with a prevalence of 20%–26% and 7%–11%, respectively.. Prevalence of the diseases has increased over the last 20 years, and they negatively affect the quality of life and performance in school and at work.. In allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic conjunctivitis (AC), immunoglobulin E (IgE) is a central mediator of allergic inflammation induced by allergen inhalation. Allergic sensitization is characterized by the presence of allergen‐specific IgE (sIgE). The prevalence of inhalant allergen sensitization is 19%–50% in the general population.. Inhalant allergen sensitization is not always concordant with allergic symptoms.. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis may be either allergic or non‐ allergic The prevalence of inhalant allergen sensitization is 19%–50% in the general population. Inhalant allergen sensitization is not always concordant with allergic symptoms. Rhinitis and conjunctivitis may be either allergic or non‐ allergic
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