Abstract
This observational study, conducted 2009-2012 with 190 male out-patient clients diagnosed with alcohol dependence and receiving psychotherapeutic treatment in Ryazan, Russia, investigated whether the patterns of self-destructive behaviours exhibited by the subjects were linked to their Personality Types and which combinations of injunctions were reflected in their main personality traits.Self-destructive behaviour was measured according to the 7 Alcoholic Self-Destructiveness Dimensions (ASD) (Shustov 2005); data on alcohol abuse and preferred ASD were gathered through semi-structured interview; personality patterns and psychosocial functioning were assessed by means of clinical observation, semi-structured interview, the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire: Version 4+ (Hyler, 1994) (Russian version) and ICD-10 criteria except for Narcissistic Disorder diagnosed according to DSM-IV; 12 injunctions were assessed with The Drego Injunction Scale (Drego, 1994) (Russian version).When correlations were analysed, it was found that injunctions had a significant impact on the hamartic alcoholic script of the out-patient alcohol-dependent clients on the following continuum: Don’t Be, Don’t Think, Don’t Be a Child, Don’t Trust, Don’t Feel, Don’t Grow Up; client personality types had direct relationship with specific injunction patterns. Personality Types mediated the Alcoholic Self-Destructiveness Dimensions: the Classical Suicidal Dimension being associated with Borderline personality traits; Antisocial with the Antisocial personality; and Professional with the Narcissistic Personality.
Highlights
Today, psychotherapy for alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorders in general includes many evidence-based approaches and methods (e.g. NIDA National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2012)
Comparing data received in a therapeutic situation in a group of alcohol-dependent clients (n=135) and a group of non-alcohol-dependent controls (n=49), we found that 45% of alcohol-dependent clients had the ‘Don’t Be’ injunction versus 21.7% of the controls (Shustov, 2000)
There are a number of injunctions that contribute significantly to the hamartic alcoholic script of the outpatient alcohol-dependent clients on the following continuum from the most to the less frequent: Don’t Be, Don’t Think, Don’t Be a Child, Don’t Trust, Don’t Feel, Don’t Grow Up
Summary
Psychotherapy for alcohol dependence and alcohol use disorders in general includes many evidence-based approaches and methods (e.g. NIDA National Institute of Drug Abuse, 2012). Most of these evidence-based psychotherapies are cognitive behavioural (CBT) methods focusing on distress or relapse prevention, recognition and management of alcoholic triggers as well as coping with negative emotions and cravings (Magill & Ray, 2009). In TA terms, most of these evidence-based methods focus on decontamination, strengthening the resources of the Adult ego state, On the other hand, therapists and clients are less aware of transference which develops within a lasting therapeutic relationship and makes it possible for the therapist’s figure to be introjected into the client’s Parent (P2) along with new permissions (Crossman, 1966). Official medicine and the Alcoholics Anonymous community consider cases of alcoholic script redecision and cure achieved by clients to be casuistry
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