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Abstract
Malaria is a vector- and blood-borne infection that is responsible for a large number of deaths around the world. Most of the currently used antimalarial therapeutics suffer from drug resistance. The other limitations associated with the currently used antimalarial drugs are poor drug bioavailability, drug toxicity, and poor water solubility. Combination therapy is one of the best approaches that is currently used to treat malaria, whereby two or more therapeutic agents are combined. Different combination therapy strategies are used to overcome the aforementioned limitations. This review article reports two strategies of combination therapy; the incorporation of two or more antimalarials into polymer-based carriers and hybrid compounds designed by hybridization of two antimalarial pharmacophores.
Highlights
Malaria has remained a health burden around the world for decades, especially in the tropical regions, despite the several strategies that have been developed to combat the disease [1]
Prophylactic antimalarial are administered for the prevention of malaria infections in antimalarial bioactives are administered for the prevention of malaria infections in people who are people who are travelling from nonmalaria countries to malaria-endemic countries, especially travelling fromlow nonmalaria countries Prophylactic to malaria-endemic countries, especially travelers with4,low travelers with immune function
Oyeyemi and coworkers designed polymeric nanoparticles for codelivery of artesunate and curcumin, utilizing PLGA as a polymer via an oil-in-water single emulsion method [87]. These nanoparticles were characterized for the polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, particle size, and entrapment efficiency; and their antimalarial activity was evaluated in vivo against P. berghei mice model at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg
Summary
Malaria has remained a health burden around the world for decades, especially in the tropical regions, despite the several strategies that have been developed to combat the disease [1]. Combination therapies involve the design of hybrid compounds, where two or more bioactive agents are combined together [9] via selected functionalities, and the incorporation of drugs into polymer-based carriers [10]. There are several forms of polymer-based carriers, such as polymer–drug conjugates [13], polymer nano- and microcapsules [14], in-situ gels, hydrogels and nano gels [15], dendrimers, and micelles [16] These polymer-based carriers loaded with therapeutic agents display unique properties causing them to be good potential systems to combat several chronic diseases, such as bone diseases, brain diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, and infectious diseases, Molecules 2019, 24, 3601; doi:10.3390/molecules24193601 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules. The prepared antimalarial drug-based hybrid compounds that will be reviewed in antimalarial this article are those that have been reported in the last five years (2014–2019)
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