Abstract
A fuzzy set can be represented by a family of crisp sets using its α-level sets, whereas a rough set can be represented by three crisp sets. Based on such representations, this paper examines some fundamental issues involved in the combination of rough-set and fuzzy-set models. The rough-fuzzy-set and fuzzy-rough-set models are analyzed, with emphasis on their structures in terms of crisp sets. A rough fuzzy set is a pair of fuzzy sets resulting from the approximation of a fuzzy set in a crisp approximation space, and a fuzzy rough set is a pair of fuzzy sets resulting from the approximation of a crisp set in a fuzzy approximation space. The approximation of a fuzzy set in a fuzzy approximation space leads to a more general framework. The results may be interpreted in three different ways.
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