Combination of prostate imaging reporting and data system with the apparent diffusion coefficient map for the diagnosis of peripheral zone prostate cancer

Abstract

To explore the value of prostate imaging reporting and data system version 2 (PI-RADS V2) combined with quantitative parameters derived from apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) map in the diagnosis of peripheral zone prostate cancer. Methods: A total of 50 patients who underwent prostate multiparametric MRI (mpMRI) with suspicious peripheral nodules were retrospectively enrolled, and all patients were biopsy-proven histologically. Two radiologists analyzed the position and category of peripheral zone lesions based on PI-RADS V2. Then 12 ADC quantitative parameters were calculated regarding each lesion on the ADC map by post-processing software. The lesions were divided into malignant group and benign group according to histopathological findings. The ADC quantitative parameters between groups were compared, and stepwise logistic regression analysis was used to build a discriminative model. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and decision curve analysis (DCA) were performed to evaluate the diagnostic power and clinical benefit. Results: Twenty-eight peripheral zone prostate malignant lesions and 25 benign lesions were obtained finally. The area under the ROC curve, sensitivity and specificity to differentiate peripheral zone prostate malignant from benign lesions were as follows: 0.803, 60.71%, 92.00% (PI-RADS V2 score), 0.857, 89.29%, 76.00% (ADC model), and 0.891, 71.43%, 92.00% (combined model), respectively. The discriminative power of the combined model was significantly improved compared with PI-RADS V2 score (P=0.012). The combined model had relatively optimal overall net benefit, which outperformed the PI-RADS V2 score when threshold probability varied in the range of 0.05-0.27 and 0.46-0.81. Conclusion: PI-RADS V2 combined with quantitative analysis of ADC map improve the power in discriminating peripheral zone prostate cancer from benign lesions, and the clinical benefit as well.