Combination of GNSS technology and total station displacement monitoring of open pit mines

Abstract

In our country, the surface mining industry currently holds a particularly significant position in the nation's industrialization and modernization process. Minerals exploited using open-cast mining technologies contribute significantly to the country's economy, including coal, copper, iron, bauxite, and more. However, deep coal mining operations often involve substantial bank heights, multiple geological faults, extensive rock layers, and the need for blasting. Some mines are situated in areas with weak ground conditions, resulting in significant ground subsidence, deformations, and open pits, posing a substantial safety risk to personnel, equipment, infrastructure, assets, and the surrounding environment. Therefore, monitoring the horizontal displacement of mine banks in the process of mining is highly necessary. Based on an analysis of the current mining practices, topographical and geological conditions at open-pit coal mines, this article proposes feasible solutions to enhance the effectiveness of monitoring and managing bank displacement at these mining sites.