Combination of cold induced HLLME with an effervescence-assisted DLLME based on deep eutectic solvent decomposition; application in extraction of some pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides from edible oils

Abstract

ABSTRACT A cold-induced homogenous liquid–liquid microextraction method combined with solidification of floating organic droplets effervescent-assisted dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction has been developed for simultaneous extraction of several pyrethroid and carbamate pesticides from edible oils. The extracted analytes were determined by high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector. For this purpose, 5 mL of edible oil sample was transferred into a glass test tube and it was mixed with 150 µL α-terpineol: acetic acid deep eutectic solvent. After vortexing (for 5 min), the mixture was placed into an ice: sodium chloride bath to adjust the solution temperature at −16℃. In this step, the oil sample was solidified, and the deep eutectic solvent was collected on top of the oil. Thus, it was collected and dispersed into 5.0 mL sodium carbonate solution at a concentration of 1.0 mol/L containing 2.5% w/v sodium chloride. In this step, the deep eutectic solvent was decomposed in the solution and α-terpineol dispersed in the sample solution. To obtain high extraction efficiency the effective parameters were optimised and under optimal conditions, the method showed broad linear ranges (2.6–500 ng/mL) with good coefficient of determinations ≥0.994. The extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of the method were in the ranges of 78–93% and 98–116%, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were within the range of 0.2–0.8 and 0.6–2.6 ng/mL, respectively. The method was successfully used for the determination of the analytes in different edible oil samples.