Combination of biomarker testing and radiation diagnostics of kidney tumors in clinical practice

Abstract

Aim determination of the most informative combination of biomarker tests and modern methods of radiological diagnosis of kidney tumors in clinical practice.
 Material and methods. The study included clinical and morphological data of 133 patients with kidney tumors. In order to identify the informative markers of kidney tumors, such indicators as gender, age; CT and ultrasound imaging results; vascularization, density, tumor contrast, histological examination, levels of tumor pyruvate kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor were analyzed. The results were statistically processed using Statistica 10 and SAS JMP 11 software.
 Results. Determination of biomarkers showed a significant increase in the level of tumor pyruvate kinase and vascular endothelial growth factor in the group of patients with kidney cancer. The TuPKM2 level in these patients reached 46.3 27.2 u/l, and in the group with benign tumors 27.8 16.4 u/l, the VEGF indices were 330.0 42.91 pg/ml and 266.3 26.39 pg/ml, respectively (p 0.05). The analysis of CT results showed that in the group of patients with kidney cancer, hypervascular mass was diagnosed much more often than in the group with benign tumors (69.5% and 26.7%, respectively) (p 0.05). Vascularization is associated with the histology of neoplasms. The nature of contrast and density, determined using CT, are interrelated. The ROC analysis revealed that the most important variables for the diagnosis of kidney cancer are vascularization (relative risk = 1.24) and an increase in TuPKM2 levels above 15 u/l (relative risk = 1.24).
 Conclusion. The study results revealed TuPKM2 and the nature of tumor vascularization to be the key markers for the diagnosis of kidney cancer. The groups of patients with different neoplasms had statistically significant difference in terms of TuPKM2 and VEGF. In clinical practice, a comprehensive study for kidney tumor diagnosis is rational, including the determination of tumor pyruvate kinase in combination with ultrasound examination of the kidneys and computed tomography.