Abstract
The extraction of clary sage (Salvia sclarea L.) using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) was systematically studied by using thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-DB) and response surface methodology (RSM). The three parameters temperature, pressure, and cosolvent ratio were optimized for the maximum antibacterial activity of clary sage extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The highest inhibition zone was 7.51 mm for P. aeruginosa and 7.57 mm for MRSA. According to RSM analysis, the predicted optimum extraction parameters are 18.6 MPa pressure, 40 °C temperature, and 2% ethanol (EtOH) ratio. The combination of this analytical and statistical method allows saving time, money, and instrument runtime in the optimization of essential oil composition, which is tailored to a specific task and could be useful on any kind of herbs in a wide range of use from perfume manufacturing to the food industry.
Highlights
The rapid technological development of our modern world is difficult to be followed on a human scale
Using the thin layer chromatography-direct bioautography (TLC-Direct bioautography (DB)) method, the antibacterial activity of the extracts without separation was tested against P. aeruginosa and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (Figure 1a,b)
As a function of the cosolvent ratio, the shape of the figures is less characteristic, from which it can be concluded that of the three setting parameters, the EtOH concentration has the least effect on the antibacterial activity
Summary
The rapid technological development of our modern world is difficult to be followed on a human scale. In addition to the obvious benefits, the challenges ahead unfold at a similar pace Some of these are so urgent to humanity that their solution has become the strategic direction of several leading countries. Due to the varied composition of essential oils (EO), the bacteria find it difficult to develop resistance [1,2]. They may serve as good alternatives to antibiotics for the pharmaceutical industry [3]. The composition of an EO is highly complex, and the active components are diverse. They consist mainly of monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and diterpenes from isoprene-based hydrocarbons as well as oxygenated fractions of these molecules such as aldehydes, ketones, phenols, acids, alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. [6]
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