Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. Even though the number of AD patients is rapidly growing, there is no effective treatment for this neurodegenerative disorder. At present, implementation of effective treatment approaches for AD is vital to meet clinical needs. In AD research, priorities concern the development of disease-modifying therapeutic agents to be used in the early phases of AD and the optimization of the symptomatic treatments predominantly dedicated to the more advanced AD stages. Until now, available therapeutic agents for AD treatment only provide symptomatic treatment. Since AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, use of a multimodal therapeutic intervention addressing several molecular targets of AD-related pathological processes seems to be the most practical approach to modify the course of AD progression. It has been demonstrated through numerous studies, that the clinical efficacy of combination therapy (CT) is higher than that of monotherapy. In case of AD, CT is more effective, mostly when started early, at slowing the rate of cognitive impairment. In this review, we have covered the major studies regarding CT to combat AD pathogenesis. Moreover, we have also highlighted the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of CT in the treatment of AD.
Highlights
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and a complex chronic neurodegenerative disease [1,2]
Since AD pathogenesis is multifactorial, use of a multimodal therapeutic intervention addressing several molecular targets of AD-related pathological processes seems to be the most practical approach to modify the course of AD progression
The most vital causal factors for AD development are the presence of mutations in the genes encoding the amyloid precursor protein (APP), presenilin 1 (PSEN1), and presenilin 2 (PSEN2) [5,6]
Summary
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia and a complex chronic neurodegenerative disease [1,2]. The number of AD affected people is rapidly growing in the United States, there are currently only five approved treatment options that can be used to provide symptomatic treatments for AD [15]. In this regard, memantine (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist), constitutes the most recent treatment option which was approved more than 10 years ago [16]. We have critically reviewed the promising therapeutic options of CT for AD treatment
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