Abstract
Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant complication in orthopedic surgery. Developing effective strategies to combat bacterial colonization and inhibit biofilm formation is crucial. This study focused on enhancing the antibacterial efficacy of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) without relying on ultraviolet (UV) light activation, which has limitations in clinical applications. By encapsulating TiO2 NPs with gallic acid (GA@TiO2) and incorporating graphene oxide/carboxymethylated chitosan (GO/CMCh) to prevent aggregation, remarkable antibacterial activity against MRSA was observed. Surprisingly, even in the absence of UV irradiation, TiO2, GA@TiO2, and GA@TiO2/GO/CMCh exhibited substantial bactericidal effects, with inhibition zones of 14, 12, and 12 mm, respectively. Furthermore, these materials demonstrated enhanced antibiofilm formation. Importantly, they displayed favorable biocompatibility, supporting their potential for clinical applications in reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with MRSA-PJI. Our findings highlight the significant antibacterial properties of GA@TiO2/GO/CMCh as a promising strategy for combating MRSA, independent of UV light exposure, and emphasize the need for further in vivo investigations to assess its potential in addressing MRSA-PJI.
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