Abstract
This study aimed to synthesize literature data on male judo combat time in international competitions between 2010 and 2019. The search was carried out from May 8th to June 11th, 2021, in electronic databases using the following keywords: (“technical-tactical” OR “time motion” OR “combat time”) AND (“judo” OR “combat sports” OR “martial arts”). After the selection process, 8 articles were included in the systematic review and 7 in the meta-analysis. These studies analyzed 2,562 international male judo combats over the years 2010–2019. We observed that the average male judo combat time changed (2010 = 202.8; 2011–2012 = 304.8; 2016 = 237.4; 2018–2019 = 189.8 s) after each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018). There was a significant difference between combats that ended up to the regular time and those that needed overtime (Golden Score: 2013 = 3% vs. 2018–2019 = 21%; p = 0.03). There were differences between 60 kg (p ≤ 0.019) and + 100 kg (p ≤ 0.04) categories and the others in 2011–2012. However, no significant difference was found between the combat time by weight division after the 2017 rule changes, although there are still differences in relation to the end of the combats (p < 0.001). There were significant changes in the male judo combat time with each rule change (2010, 2013, 2017, and 2018), and the data from the included studies point to a trend of homogeneity in the combat time spent between the weight divisions over the years, and an increase in the occurrence of Golden Score. More studies need to be carried out to identify the new temporal behaviors of athletes.
Highlights
The total combat time is composed of the regular combat time plus the overtime time (Golden Score, if the combat ends in a draw) and following the rules in force during the competition period
Cross-sectional observational studies which analyzed the male judo combat time in international competitions were considered for this systematic review
The judo combats analyzed by the studies covered the period from 2010 to 2019, and involved the Olympic Games (2012; 2016), the World Championship (2018; 2019), and other international competitions involved in the World circuit such as the Grand Slam, Grand Prix, and others (2010–2013)
Summary
Since judo was introduced to the Olympics, its competition rules have gradually changed with each Olympic cycle (Franchini et al, 2013a; Dudeniene et al, 2017; Doppelhammer and Stockl, 2020). One of the main changes was the total male combat time (International Judo Federation, 2009, 2017a). The total combat time is composed of the regular combat time plus the overtime time (Golden Score, if the combat ends in a draw) and following the rules in force during the competition period. Judo Combat Time for men, rule changes in 2010 reduced the Golden Score time from 5 to 3 min, and the Koka score was eliminated (International Judo Federation, 2009). There is a lack of data for the practical application of sport psychology methods to acquire and retain new skills during judo combat time (Miarka et al, 2020b), as well as to modify behaviors that could reduce performance
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