Abstract
Combined bending and axial loading is often encountered in lumber and timber members. Existing design methods are based on studies carried out many years ago, and are no longer appropriate because they do not recognize that wood with defects behaves in compression as a nonlinear ductile material and in tension as an elastic brittle material subject to size effects.This paper summarizes the findings of a comprehensive investigation into the behaviour of lumber subjected to eccentric axial loading, which was carried out at two Canadian universities. The study included analytical modelling and an extensive experimental program using full-size lumber.The results of the investigation have been used in this paper to propose improved design methods, using design charts and approximate formulae for in-plane behaviour. The discussion is extended to general loading cases and biaxial behaviour. Input information required for the design process is also discussed.
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