Colour Idioms and Business English Terms

One of the most important tasks in automated essay scoring (AES) is feature selection. Terms are indispensable in Business English (BE) writing. In order to analyze the possibility of involving terms in BE writing automated scoring feature set, the strength of correlations between terminological features and writing quality or scores is studied. A Business English term bank (BETB) was built based on a term dictionary. With BETB and a self-coded Python program, business terms and their categories in a BE writing corpus were identified and extracted. The analysis shows that, among ten categories of terms and total term numbers in BE writing, human resource terms and total term numbers have a moderate correlation with writing scores. This result means business terms, especially writing content related terms, should be covered in business AES feature set, which can improve the performance of AES systems and facilitate BE learners’ writing proficiency.

The purpose of this paper is to prove the importance of including online resources on the list of teaching/ learning materials for students who are in the process of training in order to become future economists. The need to find the most accessible e-resources and e-captures of economic English which are in close connection with worldwide economic realities led me as a teacher of Business English to online Business English articles. This paper is going to focus as well on the students' feedback regarding the use of such a tool during our Business English seminars. The target students are first year undergraduates with The Academy of Economic Studies of Bucharest, Faculty of Cybernetics. The gain of such a practice is multiple. Students feel connected to the online economic world, have the opportunity of learning Business English terms and expressions with high frequency, discover economic domains in which they may be interested in the future together with the Business English economic terms and expressions specific to them. Another challenging part of the use of e-articles in numerous online Business English magazines or publications is the fact that the students have freedom of choice as long as the respective article is an economic one. Finally, e-articles are the starting point of the oral delivery of the article summary that each student has to experience in front of his colleagues. The results of this research make us believe that students who prepare for economic careers perceive these materials as being extremely useful for their future professional training. Thus, they represent a valuable part of the e-learning resources which should not be neglected in the learning/ teaching process of Business English.

Contrastive analysis of business and marketing terms in English and Uzbek languages

A major trend in corpus linguistics has been the use of highly specialized corpora to achieve several different purposes, including teaching technical writing, language learning, and teaching translation techniques. This study aims to design and use corpora in order to aid translators master the translation of English business terms used routinely in Le Monde and El Pais into Arabic. The Le Monde corpus included 456,122 words, while the El Pais corpus included 874,687. Corpora satisfied several rigorous criteria such as authorship, topic, genre and register. Since translators need a variety of reference sources in order to come up with quality translations, concordance, collocation, and word cluster analyses were performed to reveal how different language patterns are used in their usual contexts. We found that corpora might help translators in navigating across various possibilities of terminologies and expressions, which have to be first decoded prior to being re-coded into the target language. Corpora examples also make the target text more successful in cross-cultural communication contexts.

The object of the study is business terminology extracted mainly from The Longman Business English Dictionary. The sub­ject of the study is differentiation of non-phraseological terms and terms of idiomatic nature. The research is targeted at reveal­ing the co-relation between terminology and phraseology among business terms on the one hand and between the groups of busi­ness terms of different degree of idiomaticity. The theoretical background of the research embraces the following items: (a) the theory of the term suggested by V. M. Leichik, (b) the theory of English phraseology created by A.V.Kunin and the method of phraseological identification introduced by the scholar into lin­guistics. The research results in the following points (a) revealing the percentage co-relation between non-phraseological termi­nology and idiomatic terminology, (b) differentiating PU-terms depending on the degree of semantic transfer. The outcome of the study can be used in the course of business English for senior students who are familiar with the courses of English phraseol­ogy and terminology.

The paper presents the survey of idiomatic English business terms and their Lithuanian equivalents. The study was based on the theory of idioms and idiomaticity, highlighting the idea that idiomaticity can affect single words, word combinations, and longer text passages. Idiomatic business terms were taken from different English and Lithuanian general and special dictionaries, course books, as well as business texts. The analyzed terms were classified into distinct groups according to their meaning. The key problem encountered was the lack of Lithuanian translation equivalents to certain idiomatic English business terms. Possible Lithuanian translation was provided.

It is to consider that on the basis of international relationships, interlingual contacts amplify, certainly, loanwords concern to one of its main indicators. The dictionary fund of any language is enriched at the expense of the internal lexical resources of this language and at the expense of loanwords of other languages. In this regard, it should be noted that Turkic languages accept a large number of borrowings and terms from English. Such language situation is one of the reasons for the emergence of an interference process as a result of which the standard of speech of the Turkic people is broken. In this paper, the semantical peculiarities of English business terms in Turkic language are comprehensively analysed and puts forward a number of constructive recommendations on the development of Turkic terminological fund.Keywords: English business terms, Turkic languages, semantics, language contacts.

This study aimed to unpack Business English vocabulary learning strategies, the effect of non-mastery of vocabulary learning strategies on the four language skills, and the difficulties encountered in learning Business English vocabulary among 2nd-year students of Annaba Higher School of Management Sciences. Forty (40) students responded to the Google Forms questionnaire. Adopting a Friedman test to compare the frequency of use of cognitive and meta-cognitive strategies such as extensive reading, memorisation, note taking, dictionary use, speaking aloud and listening to media. The analysis revealed a statistically significant difference in usage frequency (χ2 = 16.37, p = 0.022). Descriptive SPSS analysis revealed that the non-mastery of Business English vocabulary affected the participants' four language skills: speaking, writing, listening and reading. SPSS Pearson correlation analysis revealed a very weak positive correlation (r = 0.131) between two variables: the effect of non-mastery of Business English vocabulary on speaking skill and the effect of mastery of Business English vocabulary on reading skill. Cochran's Q test revealed significant statistical results (Q = 25.98, p < 0.001) regarding the difficulties participants encountered when learning Business English vocabulary, such as understanding Business English terms, spelling, and pronouncing new terms. The study suggests that teachers should identify students' preferred Business English vocabulary learning strategies to guide them in using those strategies efficiently for enhancing their English language mastery and communication proficiency.

The research is aimed at the study of Business English terminology of phraseological character, i.e. at the study of Business English terms based on a kind of meaning transfer thus acquiring a kind of phraseological meaning. As a result of the PU-terms semantics examination, coupled with private-paradigmatic methods for analysing their dictionary definitions and contextual usages recorded in the BNC and COCA, I found out the quantitative correlation of Business English PU-terms with a full meaning transfer and those with a partial meaning transfer. Among the latter, I identified two subtypes of the incomplete semantic transfer of the PU-term component composition and assign the following terms to them: an evident partial shift of meaning and a non-evident partial shift of meaning in the components. Another result of the study, presented in the text of the paper in the form of a bar graph, is the clarification of the nomenclature of the most active business English domains that operate with business PU-terms. Extensive linguistic material of the study, the proven method of phraseological identification introduced by A. V. Kunin, and reliable methods of phraseological analysis and phraseological description have made it possible to obtain essential results. Conclusion: the work proves the progress of the recent English terminology according to the phraseological scenario and provides language material for the typological study of the PU-terminology.

Although it is generally accepted that English is becoming the lingua franca of international business, the details of this process are not well understood. This article uses the Google Books corpus to provide both a quantitative and a qualitative investigation of the ways in which specific English business terms are penetrating major European languages. Some English business terms now appear to be firmly established in other languages, and can be classified as lexical borrowings, while the use of other terms is better described as code-switching.

The paper focuses on the impact of economic paradigms on teaching business English. We made up paradigmatic methods beginning from a number of common traits, which are prioritary in the meaning structure. Another distinctive traits are added to the above mentioned traits and the identification of these significant traits is needed for a proper definition, which is a very useful tool in the teaching process of the English business terms. The analysed material showed that there is not easy to make the economic paradigms. Thus, in most definitions for the economic terms, one can notice the conceptual interference with other economic terms. This aspect hinders the identification of common and distinctive traits. The identification of the difficulties to divide the selected economic terms in lexical-semantic paradigms has relevant variations (see ENTERPRISE, FIRM, COMPANY, CORPORATION or TITLE, BOND, SHARE). The semic analysis of the selected paradigms outlines the importance of the relation between the lexicographic and the terminographic definition to decode the specialised meaning. In many cases we noticed the lexicographic definitions are not clear, because they offer insufficient dates. For this reason, sometimes general dictionaries are not recommended in teaching economic terms because they are not updated or the definitions lack a lot of important details about economic terms. Nevertheless, we noticed that in other dictionaries (DEXI, NDU) the definitions for the ecomic terms are close to the terminographic definitions because they contain not only relevant economic details but also necessary information for the teaching process and the students’ further understanding. On the other hand, the lexicographic definitions, unlike the terminographic ones, indicate the polisemy of the economic terms , thus warning the non specialists on the risks of ambiguity. The analysis on texts is significant because it shows that not all the terms of a paradigm are updated similarly. In other cases, the updates in texts have a great dynamics which sporadically neutralises the distinctive traits in a paradigm.

The article deals with the analysis of semantic characteristics of the English business terms of and the business terminology on the whole.It has been postulated, that the terms with the large value of the semantic productivity mark the most substantial notions of this sphere of activity and are often used for the formation of new notions which are derived from them and are more often used in speech (bank, cash, money). The terms with the less semantic productivity mark more specialized notions and their sphere of use is narrower (marketing environment, demand deposit etc).Thus, the distribution of terms as to their semantic productivity is the demonstration of advantage law : terms that belong to the core of terminology gravitate to structural simplicity. The criteria of word communication value is its frequency of use in speech. For definition of more essential notions scientists select structurally simpler and shorter nomens. The distribution of terms according to their semantic complexity as well as the division according to their semantic productivity meets the requirements of communicative function of a language. Terms with the large value of semantic complexity are oriented to functioning in the strictly specialized spheres: common production profitability, discount rate.The core of business terminology is formed by the small amount of short and structurally simple terms with small semantic complexity and large semantic productivity. Longer and structurally more difficult terms with less semantic productivity and bigger semantic complexity form the periphery of terminology. Mainly one word terms form its core.

Aim is to analyse the formation and structural features of terms and identify the most productive methods of term formation in business terminology on the material of the English language.Methodology. Business English terms selected from special manuals, professional textbooks and dictionaries were analysed. The main research methods were the descriptive method, the systematization method, as well as the methods of structural and component analysis.Results. The vocabulary of the business sphere is considered as a complex terminological construct, which consists of the general usage lexis, general industry and special professional vocabulary, and interdisciplinary terms. Structural features and derivational models of the terms under study are analyzed. The main affixes are identified, and the morphological means are systematized according to the conceptual blocks of the business sphere. The percentage of terminological units formed by the syntactic method, as well as by the method of affixation, abbreviation, compounding, conversion and other methods was established, which made it possible to determine the most productive ones in the business sphere.Research implications. The results of the study contribute to the development of terminology as a scientific field and can also be used in the lectures on lexicology, terminology and textbooks on the theory and practice of business communication in English

The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the translation of terminology on the material of the English business discourse into Ukrainian and Chinese. The study represents the main approach to the definitions of such concepts as “business discourse” and “translation operation” in current language- and translational studies; the linguistic features of business discourse are analyzed; the translation operations applied at the lexical-semantic and structural component levels when translating English terms of business discourse into Ukrainian and Chinese are analyzed; the choice of translation operations when translating the terms of English discourse as a method of achieving an adequate translation. Key words: business discourse, translation operation, terminology, a term, the Chinese language.