Abstract

Abstract Ceramic TiO2 nano particles codoped with Sb/Gd ions were synthesized by a hydrothermal decomposition-precipitation technique. Some of the synthesized samples were hydrogenated at ∼550°C. The samples were characterized by investigating their structural, optical, and electrical properties by X-ray diffraction, diffuse reflection spectroscopy, and dielectric measurements, respectively. It was observed that the 3 %-Sb/Gd ionic codoping induces the growth of the rutile TiO2 phase. The different types of ionic doping of Sb5+ and Gd3+ into TiO2 nanograins found expectation to arrange core/shell sample construction that can be used to produce almost colossal permittivity material. However, the dielectric measurements showed relatively weak permittivity of order ∼370 at 1 kHz. Hydrogenation was used to create colossal permittivity, and the results show a significant increase by ∼6.63 times at 1 kHz. This result is important from the point of view of studying the influence of hydrogenation on the dielectric properties of transparent conducting oxides. The created colossal permittivity was explained within the framework of the core/shell model and doping mechanisms. Thus, the hydrogen species accumulation on the crystallite boundaries supports the creation of core/shell and colossal permittivity in addition to the generation of itinerant electrons. Such important results will be useful for future work and will support this field of research.

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