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Abstract
Typical postharvest storage of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) causes degreening of this common vegetable with visible loss of chlorophyll (Chl). As shown here, colorless Chl-catabolites are generated. In fresh extracts of degreening florets of broccoli, three colorless tetrapyrrolic Chl-catabolites accumulated and were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC): two “nonfluorescent” Chl-catabolites (NCCs), provisionally named Bo-NCC-1 and Bo-NCC-2, and a colorless 1,19-dioxobilin-type “nonfluorescent” Chl-catabolite (DNCC), named Bo-DNCC. Analysis by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and mass spectrometry of these three linear tetrapyrroles revealed their structures. In combination with a comparison of their HPL-chromatographic properties, this allowed their identification with three known catabolites from two other brassicacea, namely two NCCs from oil seed rape (Brassica napus) and a DNCC from degreened leaves of Arabidopsis thaliana.
Highlights
Breakdown of chlorophyll (Chl) is the visible symptom of leaf senescence[1,2] and is often observable in ripening fruit.[3]
Residual Chl a and Chl b were analyzed by UV/vis-spectroscopy, and three colorless Chl-catabolites were tentatively identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis (Figure 3)
The presence of Chl-catabolites was investigated in senescent florets of broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica)
Summary
Breakdown of chlorophyll (Chl) is the visible symptom of leaf senescence[1,2] and is often observable in ripening fruit.[3] Identification of the colorless tetrapyrrolic Chl-catabolite Hv-. NCC-1 (Figure 1) from the monocot barley (Hordeum vulgare) opened up the field of Chl-breakdown to further structurebased studies.[4] Various “nonfluorescent” Chl-catabolites (NCCs) have been found in senescent leaves.[5−8] NCCs have been detected in ripening fruit, e.g., in apples and pears, and are excellent antioxidants.[9]. As was shown recently in Arabidopsis thaliana, DNCCs are likely to arise via an enzyme-catalyzed deformylation of FCCs by a cytochrome P-450 enzyme.[17]
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