Colorimetric Observer Categories for Young and Aged Using Paired-Comparison Experiments

Min Huang,Yonghui Xi,Jie Pan,Ruili He,Xiu Li

doi:10.1109/access.2020.3042817

Abstract

Observers with normal color vision have different color perceptions since their retinal cones have different spectral responses, especially when the color pairs are constituted by different primary colors. In order to categorize the color-matching functions (CMFs) for young and aged observers, seven devices with different primary colors were performed on the clustering of observers’ CMFs. Four CMFs were generated from Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication (BIGC) with paired-comparison color matching experiments based on five printed colors from young and aged observers performed under fluorescent light source (Experiment I). Besides, color comparison experiments based on three printed colors under light emitting diodes (LEDs) light source were also carried out (Experiment II). And then, the existing CMFs, including Commission Internationale de l’ Eclairage 1964 (CIE 1964), CIE 1989 standard deviate observer (CIE 1989 SDO), CIE 2006, Sarkar 1 to Sarkar 8, Asano 1 to Asano 10, BIGC 1 to BIGC 4 were tested with the results from Experiments I and II respectively. The results indicated that the visual data from young and aged observers had quite large discrepancies. When they viewed printed materials illuminated by fluorescent and LED light sources in a field of view larger than 10°, based on the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) values and the number of the observers contributed to the minimum STRESS values, two new CMFs were proposed to represent the young and aged observers who participated in our experiments.

Highlights

The results indicated that the visual data from young and aged observers had quite large discrepancies
When they viewed printed materials illuminated by fluorescent and light-emitting diodes (LEDs) light sources in a field of view larger than 10°, based on the standardized residual sum of squares (STRESS) values and the number of the observers contributed to the minimum STRESS values, two new color-matching functions (CMFs) were proposed to represent the young and aged observers who participated in our experiments
The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) 1931 and CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observers proposed by Commission Internationale de l’

Summary

Introduction

The color sensation of observers is usually determined by three factors, which are the spectral power distributions (SPDs) of the light source, the spectral characteristic of the object and the spectral response of observer’s retinal cones.With the development of modern color science and technology, there are more techniques and methods to reproduce colors, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and lasers that are spectrally narrow band, magnifying the individual differences in color-matching functions (CMFs).In that case, the observers with normal color vision will have different color perceptions (named color inconstancy)[1] and different color differences (named observer metamerism) [2], [3] under the same viewing conditions.The CIE 1931 and CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observers proposed by Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) [4], [5], known as 2°and 10°(standard) observers, took different viewing fields into consideration and represented the average cone fundamentals of a population with normal color vision. The color sensation of observers is usually determined by three factors, which are the spectral power distributions (SPDs) of the light source, the spectral characteristic of the object and the spectral response of observer’s retinal cones. The observers with normal color vision will have different color perceptions (named color inconstancy). [1] and different color differences (named observer metamerism) [2], [3] under the same viewing conditions. The CIE 1931 and CIE 1964 standard colorimetric observers proposed by Commission Internationale de l’. Eclairage (CIE) [4], [5], known as 2°and 10°(standard) observers, took different viewing fields into consideration and represented the average cone fundamentals of a population with normal color vision. In order to describe this failure in detail, in 2006, the CIE proposed a physiological observer model (called CIE 2006)

Methods

Results

Conclusion