Abstract
The molar substitution (MS) of 2-hydroxyalkyl starch ethers, e.g. 2-hydroxybutyl starch, can be determined spectrophotometrically. The principle involves a dehydrative-hydrolytic generation of n-butyraldehyde from the 2-hydroxybutyl starch ether substituent in concentrated sulfuric acid. The resultant hydrolyzate containing the aldehyde and allylic species of the substituent is complexed with 2,2-dihydroxyindan-1,3-dione (ninhydrin) in bisulfite giving a colored complex the absorbance intensity of which can be determined by a spectrophotometer at 470 nm. From the maximum intensity observed the concentration of butyraldehyde in the sample is derived by interpolation on a standard curve. The percentage of 2-hydroxybutane in the sample is calculated by comparison of the concentration of substituent to that of the hydrolyzed starting material. The MS is then calculated from the per cent substituent.
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