Abstract
Development of selective colorimetric detectors that can use green-fabricated silver nanoparticles' (AgNPs) with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) to rapidly, simply, and selectively detect Hg(II) ions was undertaken in this study. Onion extract was used for synthesising photo-induced green crystalline silver nanoparticles (NPs). The formation of nanoparticles is enhanced when ultrasound irradiation is present; bioligands could serve as stabilizing and reducing agents. Different methods of measurement, including UV-Vis, TEM, SEM/EDAX, FT − IR, and XRD, are effective for characterization of nanoparticles. The spherical nature of green-fabricated AgNPs is confirmed by TEM. High-density, spherical, and uniformly formed silver nanoparticle shapes were found in silver nanoparticle SEM images. The arrangement of AgNPs in the form of face-centered cubic structures was confirmed by XRD patterns. The formation of impurity-free AgNPs was confirmed using the EDAX analysis results. Hg2+ with excellent sensitivity was sensitively and selectively detected by employing green-synthesized silver nanoparticles. The reduction of Ag (1) to Ag (0) was confirmed by a slight increase in Hg (II) concentration and progressive reduction of green-synthesized AgNPs, whose absorbance changed abruptly. The reduction of LSPRs by the phosphate buffer medium enables AgNPs to sensitively and selectively detect Hg2+ ions by providing good environment. Besides, a selective, sensitive, simple, and rapid method that is proposed for detecting Hg (II) ions in samples of water is presented in the study. Harmful mercury ions in real samples of water (tap and ground water) can colorimetrically and selectively be detected using the AgNPs. The results showed an RSD of below 6% and over 92% of good recovery.
Highlights
Development of selective colorimetric detectors that can use green-fabricated silver nanoparticles’ (AgNPs) with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) to rapidly, and selectively detect Hg(II) ions was undertaken in this study
Wetchemical green synthesis was used for preparing the green silver nanoparticles because it constituted the most prevalent procedure for fabricating uniform nanoparticles with regulated sizes and strong silver nanoparticles alongside their colloidal dispersions in organic solvents or water [54,55,56]
Ultrasonic irradiation was employed at the expense of magnetic stirring as past study reported [51], a significant reduction of Ag+ alongside a higher formation of silver nanoparticles when utilising sonication bath, an indication that the reaction rate could be enhanced through ultrasonic irradiation
Summary
Development of selective colorimetric detectors that can use green-fabricated silver nanoparticles’ (AgNPs) with localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) to rapidly, and selectively detect Hg(II) ions was undertaken in this study. Significant research attention in the development of mercury sensors has been accorded to AgNPs, because of soft-soft chemistry involving sulfur with stabilizing ligands on AgNPs surfaces, changing the peak position and absorbance intensity, the presence of redox chemistry involving AgNPs (Ag°) and Hg2+ leading to formation of Ag − Hg mixture through nanoparticle etching, high sensitivity of AgNPs localized surface plasmon resonances, and cost-effective synthesis [2]. Fabrication of silver nanoparticle using green chemistry would present numerous benefits that include less energy consumption, easy scaling up for large-scale nanoparticle fabrication, high yields, low cost, eliminates the necessity for special preparation of cultures and method of isolation, and environmentally friendly [44, 46,47,48,49,50]
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