Abstract
Glucose oxidase (EC 1.1.3.4) sensors that have been developed and widely used for glucose monitoring have generally relied on electrochemical principle. In this study, the potential use of colorimetric method for glucose detection utilizing glucose oxidase-magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) is explored. Magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (magnetic CNCs) were fabricated using iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) via electrostatic self-assembly technique. Glucose oxidase was successfully immobilized on magnetic CNCs using carbodiimide-coupling reaction. About 33% of GOx was successfully attached on magnetic CNCs, and the affinity of GOx-magnetic CNCs to glucose molecules was slightly higher than free enzymes. Furthermore, immobilization does not affect the specificity of GOx-magnetic CNCs towards glucose and can detect glucose from 0.25 mM to 2.5 mM. Apart from that, GOx-magnetic CNCs stored at 4 °C for 4 weeks retained 70% of its initial activity and can be recycled for at least ten consecutive cycles.
Highlights
Glucose oxidase sensors have been used extensively for glucose level monitoring
The commercialized glucose sensors operate under electrochemical principle, in which an oxygen electrode is required to detect the amount of oxygen consumed for the reaction of glucose oxidase and glucose molecules [1]
The morphology of the magnetic cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) remained unchanged as compared to their individual nanomaterials, CNCs and iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs)
Summary
Glucose oxidase sensors have been used extensively for glucose level monitoring. The commercialized glucose sensors operate under electrochemical principle, in which an oxygen electrode is required to detect the amount of oxygen consumed for the reaction of glucose oxidase and glucose molecules [1]. Since the discovery of nanoparticles, most of the colorimetric approaches utilize plasmonic sensing platforms, such as silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), and quantum dots to detect the presence of glucose based on the shift of localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelength due to the liberation of hydrogen peroxide (H2 O2 ) upon reaction of glucose oxidase with glucose molecules. Instead of utilizing LSPR shift for detection, a colorimetric sensing strategy based on the oxidation of chromogenic substances is investigated in this study
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