Colorectal cancer in young patients: is it a distinct clinical entity?

Abstract

The incidence of colorectal cancer in young patients is increasing. It remains unclear if the disease has unique features in this age group. This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study which included patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer at age ≤40years in 1997-2013 matched 1:2 by year of diagnosis with consecutive colorectal cancer patients diagnosed at age >50years during the same period. Patients aged 41-50years were not included in the study, to accentuate potential age-related differences. Clinicopathological characteristics, treatment, and outcome were compared between groups. The cohort included 330 patients, followed for a median time of 65.9months (range 4.7-211). Several significant differences were noted. The younger group had a different ethnic composition. They had higher rates of family history of colorectal cancer (p=0.003), hereditary colorectal cancer syndromes (p<0.0001), and inflammatory bowel disease (p=0.007), and a lower rate of polyps (p<0.0001). They were more likely to present with stage III or IV disease (p=0.001), angiolymphatic invasion, signet cell ring adenocarcinoma, and rectal tumors (p=0.02). Younger patients more frequently received treatment. Young patients had a worse estimated 5-year disease-free survival rate (57.6 vs. 70%, p=0.039), but this did not retain significance when analyzed by stage (p=0.092). Estimated 5-year overall survival rates were 59.1 and 62.1% in the younger and the control group, respectively (p=0.565). Colorectal cancer among young patients may constitute a distinct clinical entity. Further research is needed to validate our findings and define the optimal approach in this population.