Abstract
Transparent photovoltaics (TPVs) are energy-generating devices made of transparent material and incorporating solar cell technology. The ultimate goal of using such devices is to reach a level of sustainability by harnessing energy from common structures such as windows on buildings and vehicles. Applications of this concept can be widened by incorporating a color-tuning scheme into TPVs. In this sense, light can be managed; here, we introduce a method for this using a ZnO-based back reflection method. Large-scale (16 cm2) TPVs are achieved by solid-state sputtering of metal oxide layers. They exhibited high power conversion efficiency (η) (3.8% for indoor light-emitting diode lamp) and long-term stability (>100 days). The abrupt heterojunction between n-type ZnO and p-type NiO spontaneously forms a space charge region with a strong electric field. An additional thin Si film in the heterojunction effectively improves solar cell performance, making it useful for power generation, even under indoor illumination. Substantial efficiency of 3.02% was achieved by an Al-doped ZnO for the Sun spectrum. This implies the ability to produce TPV power from the Sun or artificial light in versatile ways. TPVs and color-tuned photovoltaics can be used in windows and other such objects to realize an onsite power supply.
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