Color stereo image encryption and local zero-watermarking schemes using octonion Hahn moments and modified Henon map

Abstract

Discrete orthogonal moments (DOMs) are widely applied in the field of image processing. However, most existing DOMs are used for flat image analysis and are less suitable for color stereo image processing. In light of this limitation, this paper firstly presents a moments type called octonion Hahn moments (OHMs) for the compact analysis of color stereo images, and also for preserving the internal relations between all the color channels of the stereo image. OHMs are introduced in both Cartesian and polar coordinates. Secondly, we present a modified version of 2D Henon map that exhibits improved chaotic behavior over its original version. This version is introduced for potential deployment in the field of information security. Thirdly, we present an efficient color stereo image encryption scheme in the transform domain using the modified Henon’s map and OHMs that are defined in Cartesian space. This scheme guarantees a perfect reconstruction of the stereo image. Finally, we present a local zero-watermarking scheme for color stereo image copyrighting based on the proposed version of Henon’s map and OHMs that are defined in the polar coordinate space. This scheme is originally designed to be robust against image rotation attack. Compared to excellent existing encryption schemes, our scheme shows superior performance in terms of high security level and good robustness to various attacks (classical, statistical, noise addition, cropping, etc.). Moreover, the proposed zero-watermarking method shows stronger resistance to different types of attacks (geometric, common image processing, noise, desynchronization, etc.) in comparison to recent zero-watermarking methods.