Abstract
Aim This study aimed to compare the staining characteristics of a commercially available restorative glass ionomer cement to a formulation reinforced by the addition of carbon nanotubes and another formulation reinforced by the addition of silver nanoparticles to the powder of the same cement. Methodology. Twenty samples each of a control glass ionomer cement (PULPDENT® Glass Fill®, Pulpdent Corp. Watertown, MA, USA), control cement reinforced with 0.0006 gm (0.03% by weight) of carbon nanotubes (Sigma Aldrich, St Louis MO, USA), and control cement reinforced with 0.2 gm (10% by weight) of silver nanoparticles (Nanocyl™, Nanocyl SA, Sambreville, Belgium) were immersed in a staining solution. Color evaluations were carried out after 1 h, 24 h, and 1 week. Color change values were calculated. Results The results indicated that carbon nanotube reinforced specimens exhibited less color stability when compared to controlled glass ionomer cement specimens; however, both samples had significantly greater color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer samples. Conclusion It can be concluded within the limitations of this study that carbon nanotube reinforced glass ionomer cements have better color stability than silver nanoparticle reinforced glass ionomer cements.
Highlights
Glass ionomer cements were first developed by Wilson and Kent in the 1960s [1]. eir high fluoride release and chemical bonding to the tooth structure make them the cement of choice for several restorative and luting functions [1]
E earliest attempts on creating reinforced cements focused on combining the glass powder with readily available materials such as sliver alloy from dental amalgam [2]. This was soon replaced with the sintering of specific metal alloys from manufacturers [3, 4]. e advent of nanotechnology at the turn of the 21st century brought about new scope for the reinforcement of glass ionomer cements [5]
E chemical structure of the glass ionomer is based on the formation of a gel matrix [1]
Summary
Glass ionomer cements were first developed by Wilson and Kent in the 1960s [1]. eir high fluoride release and chemical bonding to the tooth structure make them the cement of choice for several restorative and luting functions [1]. Eir high fluoride release and chemical bonding to the tooth structure make them the cement of choice for several restorative and luting functions [1] Their high solubility and relatively low compressive strength have meant that since the 1980s, researchers have sought to improve the strength of glass ionomers [1, 2]. E earliest attempts on creating reinforced cements focused on combining the glass powder with readily available materials such as sliver alloy from dental amalgam [2]. This was soon replaced with the sintering of specific metal alloys from manufacturers [3, 4]. Carbon nanotubes are available in the form of fibers and have been shown to greatly improve the structure and nature of gel matrices [8]
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