Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to evaluate denture cleanser effects on color stability, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base resin reinforced with nano-ZrO2. Materials and Methods A total of 420 specimens were fabricated of unreinforced and nano-ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resin at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. These groups were further subdivided (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Surface roughness, hardness, and color were measured at baseline (2 days-T0) in distilled water and then after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 & T2) in water or denture cleansing solutions. Data was collected and analyzed using two-way ANOVA followed by Bonferroni post hoc test (α = 0.05). Results Surface roughness increased significantly after denture cleanser immersion of unmodified and nano-ZrO2-modified PMMA materials while hardness decreased (P < 0.001). The denture cleansers significantly affected the color of both PMMA denture bases (P < 0.001). The immersion time in denture cleansers significantly affected all tested properties (P < 0.001). Within denture cleansers, NaOCl showed the highest adverse effects (P < 0.05) while Renew showed the least adverse effects. Conclusion Denture cleansers can significantly result in color change and alter the surface roughness and hardness of denture base resin even with ZrO2 nanoparticles addition. Therefore, they should be carefully used.
Highlights
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most common material used for denture base fabrication, it possesses low surface properties that enhance the attachment of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which is considered the prime pathogen of denture-induced stomatitis [1]. erefore, denture cleansers (DCs) have been suggested as means for denture care and maintenance protocols [2]
The difference in color was higher as the immersion duration increased for all solutions and nano-ZrO2 concentrations. e effect of immersion time on surface roughness showed an upward trend
Discussion e results of this study revealed significant changes in color, surface roughness, and hardness of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA)/ZrO2 nanocomposite resins after immersion in DCs. erefore, the null hypothesis was rejected
Summary
Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most common material used for denture base fabrication, it possesses low surface properties that enhance the attachment of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which is considered the prime pathogen of denture-induced stomatitis [1]. erefore, denture cleansers (DCs) have been suggested as means for denture care and maintenance protocols [2]. Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is the most common material used for denture base fabrication, it possesses low surface properties that enhance the attachment of Candida albicans (C. albicans), which is considered the prime pathogen of denture-induced stomatitis [1]. Erefore, denture cleansers (DCs) have been suggested as means for denture care and maintenance protocols [2]. An ideal denture cleanser must be biocompatible, microbicidal, harmless to the denture, effective in removing all deposits, and easy to use. When choosing the DC, one should consider. Flowchart of specimen immersion and testing Total of 420 specimens (150 for color change and surface roughness tests, 270 for hardness test) Distilled water Corega NaOCl Renew T0 2 D IMM. Color change & surface roughness (n = 30), hardness (n = 30) T1 180 D
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