Abstract
This study evaluated color stability and staining susceptibility of five direct resin-based composites (RBCs) subjected to light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP). The test materials included 5 RBCs, which consisted of one nano-filled, one sub-micron, one bulk-filled, and two nano-hybrid RBC types. Ten disc-shaped specimens of each RBC were fabricated and divided into bleaching (BLE) and non-bleaching (CON) groups (n = 5 for each group). Specimens were then immersed in red wine solution over 4 h. A spectrophotometer was used to obtain Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) L*a*b* parameters for each of the following periods tested: before bleaching (TBA), after bleaching (TBL), and after staining (TST). Color stability and staining susceptibility were evaluated using two metrics, CIEDE2000 color differences (ΔE00) and whiteness variations using the whiteness index (ΔWID). Data were analyzed using repeated measures two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (α = 0.05). Statistically significant and clinically unaccepted ΔE00 and ΔWID were observed for all tested specimens between TBA and TBL. The nano-hybrid type RBCs showed the highest discoloration among materials after bleaching treatment. The BLE group exhibited significantly higher ΔE00 and ΔWID than the CON group for all the tested RBCs between TBA and TST. The sub-micron type RBC showed the highest discoloration among materials after immersion in the red wine. Conclusion. The light-activated in-office bleaching with 40% HP’s influences on color and whiteness index were material-dependent. The use of bleaching treatment also increased the susceptibility to red wine for all RBCs.
Highlights
Bulk-fill and nano-filled or nano-hybrid resin-based composites (RBCs) have been introduced for direct restorations and are considered the most popular tooth-colored filling materials in dental restorations due to their natural appearance, low costs, and longevity [1,2]
The present study evaluated the influence of the light-activated bleaching treatment with 40% hydrogen peroxide (HP) on color difference, whiteness variation, and stain susceptibility of the resin
The present study evaluated the influence of the light-activated bleaching treatment with 40% HP on color difference, whiteness variation, and stain susceptibility of the resin-based composites
Summary
Bulk-fill and nano-filled or nano-hybrid resin-based composites (RBCs) have been introduced for direct restorations and are considered the most popular tooth-colored filling materials in dental restorations due to their natural appearance, low costs, and longevity [1,2]. Pigments in food or beverages are the extrinsic factors that cause a color mismatch of these materials, resulting in treatment failure due to the lack of the esthetic zone [3,4]. A commonly consumed drink worldwide, is a staining beverage that caused the clinically unacceptable mismatch of color difference (∆E00) > 1.79 for various direct composite resins, including nanocomposites, giomers, and resin-modified glass ionomers using CIEDE2000 color difference formulas (Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage, CIE) [7,8,9,10]. It was reported that different types of materials exhibited different levels of resistance to discoloration [11]. It is worthwhile to improve the capacity of these esthetic materials to resist discoloration and regain the overall whiteness
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