Abstract
Modified graphene oxide with 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-hexyloxyphenyl)-porphyrin and palladium (II) (signified by GO-CPTMS@Pd-TKHPP) prepared as a novel antifouling polyether sulfone (PES) blended nanofiller membrane. The membrane efficiency has been analyzed such as pure water flux (PWF), hydrophilicity, and antifouling features. By increasing of modified graphene oxide percentage from 0 to 0.1 wt.% in the polymer matrix, the PWF was incremented from 14.35 to 37.33 kg/m2·h at 4 bar. The membrane flux recovery ratio (FRR) has been investigated by applying powdered milk solution; the FRR results indicated that the 0.1 wt.%-modified graphene oxide membrane showed a positive effect on fouling behavior with Rir and FRR value 8.24% and 91.76%, respectively. The nanofiltration membrane performance was assessed applying the Direct Red 16 dye rejection. It was demonstrated that the optimal membranes (0.1 wt.%-modified graphene oxide) had notable dye removal (99.58% rejection). The results are also verified by measuring the scanning electron microscopy (SEM), water contact angle (WCA), and atomic microscopy analysis (AFM).
Highlights
The most important environmental issue with colored wastewater is the removal of colors from the sewage (Elimelech&Phillip 2011)
The GO-CPTMS@Pd-TKHPP (Fig. 1) was synthesized by the following methods: According to the usual way, graphene oxide (GO) was prepared based on modified hummers method from graphite powder (Zaaba et al 2017), graphene oxide-3-(choloropropyl)-trimethoxysilane (GO-CPTMS) was synthesized by adding CPTMS to GO in a solution of toluene the mixture was stirred and refluxed for 24 h at 110 °C, the solid was filtered and dried, after this 4. 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-porphyrin (THPP) was prepared, synthesis of THPP was achieved according to the following procedure
According to the results presented, it can be obtained that the embedding of GO‐CPTMS@Pd‐TKHPP hydrophilic nanocomposite in the membrane matrix has improved the performance of the color removal, flux enhancement and anti-fouling property (Zangeneh et al 2019b)
Summary
The most important environmental issue with colored wastewater is the removal of colors from the sewage Researchers have shown that the hydrophilicity of graphene oxide with hydrophilic agents helps to solve the problem of decomposition and clogging of GO and GO based membranes, which strongly suggests that this strategy will help to reduce the contamination of pollutant by modified membranes (Cote et al 2010, Hu et al 2016, Lee et al.2004). In 2018, Abdi and coworker presented a hybrid combination (metformin/GO/Fe 3O4) that was successfully introduced into the polymeric membrane for removal of colored materials and heavy metals The results of this combination were high hydrophilicity, PWF and antifouling effect, which has been applied to remove direct red-16 and copper ions with 99%. In order to evaluate the effect of modified graphene oxide nanosheets on membrane performance removing the dye, surface hydrophilicity, antifouling capability, and permeability were examined. The antifouling capability of modified membranes was assessed during direct red-16 and methylene blue filtration
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