Abstract
The use of probiotic bacteria can not only enhance the nutritional utilization of fish feeds to produce more biomass but can also provide a practically “safer” alternative to the fish farming industry to reduce the abuse of antibiotics and drugs. This study investigated the possibility of colonizing Lactobacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) to the intestine of Cirrhinus molitorella (mud carp) fingerling. Colonization of LGG was observed in gut tissue after 14 days of administration with a diet supplemented with 1 × 108 CFU/mL LGG. Moreover, growth performance parameters of the LGG-supplemented diet group, including relative weight gain, feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency, were found about two-fold higher than the control group after 60 days. In addition, fish fed with an LGG-supplemented diet for 60 days showed substantial resistance against the infection of pathogenic bacterial Aeromonas hydrophila, with a relative survival rate of up to 57% compared to the control group. In summary, the results indicated that LGG as dietary supplement for mud carp fingerling can enhance nutrition utilization and better protect fish against the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. The results provide an insight to the fish farming industry, encouraging a reduction in the use of antibiotics and drugs and the production of “safer” mud carp for the market at a manageable cost.
Highlights
Cirrhinus molitorella (Mud carp), a typical native freshwater species in Asia, has a long history in fish farming since the Tang Dynasty (618–904 A.D.) [1]
Outbreaks of A. hydrophila have been reported by accidental abrasion [5], which are common in intensive fish farming of mud carp
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Summary
Cirrhinus molitorella (Mud carp), a typical native freshwater species in Asia, has a long history in fish farming since the Tang Dynasty (618–904 A.D.) [1]. Mud carp is a slow growing species, smaller than other carps such as grass, bighead, common and silver carps. They take about 2 years to reach a marketable size (about 200 g), much slower than common carp, which usually only require one season to reach a body weight of 1.0 kg [1]. Bacterial infection accounts for about 20% loss in aquaculture [4]. A bottom dweller in freshwater fishponds, is susceptible to bacterial infection, such as Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) [1]. Current practices rely on the extensive use of various chemicals and drugs, this affects the food safety and introduces further environmental issues, such as using malachite green, a carcinogenic industrial dye, in the treatment of fish parasites and protozoan diseases [6]
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