Abstract
Non-typhoid Salmonellae are worldwide spread food-borne pathogens that cause diarrhea in humans and animals. Their multi-drug resistances require alternative ways to combat this enteric pathogen. Mono-colonization of a gnotobiotic piglet gastrointestinal tract with commensal lactobacilli Lactobacillus amylovorus and Lactobacillus mucosae and with probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 and their interference with S. Typhimurium infection was compared. The impact of bacteria and possible protection against infection with Salmonella were evaluated by clinical signs, bacterial translocation, intestinal histology, mRNA expression of villin, claudin-1, claudin-2, and occludin in the ileum and colon, and local intestinal and systemic levels of inflammatory cytokines IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10. Both lactobacilli colonized the gastrointestinal tract in approximately 100× lower density compare to E. coli Nissle and S. Typhimurium. Neither L. amylovorus nor L. mucosae suppressed the inflammatory reaction caused by the 24 h infection with S. Typhimurium. In contrast, probiotic E. coli Nissle 1917 was able to suppress clinical signs, histopathological changes, the transcriptions of the proteins, and the inductions of the inflammatory cytokines. Future studies are needed to determine whether prebiotic support of the growth of lactobacilli and multistrain lactobacilli inoculum could show higher protective effects.
Highlights
IntroductionThe vast majority of these microorganisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [1]
A microbiota consists of a pool of microorganisms that harbor a host body
L. mucosae (LM) showed a slight decrease in viability about 0.5 log colony forming units (CFU)/mL
Summary
The vast majority of these microorganisms colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) [1]. This resident microbiota shapes physiology of the host via digestion and assimilation of nutrients, stimulation, and maturation of host tissues, regulation of the host immune response, and keeps status quo to prevent a deleterious appearance of opportunistic and obligatory pathogens [2]. The colonization of the GIT and establishment of the balanced microbiota is sequential. In newborns, it is influenced by the mode of delivery, nutrition, and exposition to antibiotics [3]. Low concentrations of antibiotic supplements used as growth promoters in feed for livestock cause antibiotic resistance of microorganisms. Alternative supplements of the feed as acidifiers, zinc, copper, and tungsten, yeast products, nucleotides, plant extracts, prebiotics, and probiotics replace antibiotics and increase the growth of animals and feed utilization, reduce mortality and morbidity, and improve reproduction parameters without development of the antibiotic resistance [4,5]
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