Abstract
Human activity generates new global processes, including range expansions caused by landscape transformations, climate change, and biological invasions. The study of the causes and processes that accompany the colonization of new areas, as well as its ecological and evolutionary consequences, has been rapidly developing in the last 20 years at the junction between such areas of biology as spatial ecology, ecology of movement, ecology of invasions, metapopulation theory, behavioural ecology, evolutionary ecology, population genetics, and personality research. In our review, we summarize theoretical ideas and empirical studies to answer two main questions: what makes colonists distinguished from the residents of source populations and what specific demographic and genetic processes drive and accompany the wave of population expansion?This research was supported by the Russian Science Foundation (project number 22-14-00223, https://rscf.ru/project/22-14-00223/).
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