Abstract
Objective. To determine the frequency, and factors associated with oral colonization by Streptococcus mutans in neonates from a hospital in Chiclayo, Peru, July to September 2019. Material and methods. Observational, analytical and longitudinal study; in a probabilistic sample of 127 infants. The detection and count of S. mutans was performed by microbiological culture in chromogenic medium “agar Mitis Salivarius Bacitracin”. The associated factors investigated: sex, height, weight, age, prematurity, route of birth and type of feeding; they were collected through documentary analysis of the clinical history. Results. The infants had a median height and weight of 54 cm (Q1- Q3=51-60) and 3201 g (Q1-Q3 = 2850-3500), respectively; also, 53.5% were born by caesarean section, 85.8% were normal weight and 52.8% were women, 93.7% were born at term, 89.8% were normal height and 100% had mixed feeding. The frequency of S. mutans colonization observed was 14.2% (18/127) and 45.6% (10/22), at 24 hours and 28 days; respectively. No association of variables studied with the highest frequency of S. mutans was observed. Conclusions. S. mutans is an early and frequent colonizing of the oral mucosa of neonates, which evidences the high probability of developing dental caries prematurely
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