Abstract
This study aimed to determine how the microbiota profile might be predisposed to a better response in blood lipid profiles due to dietary fibre supplementation. A three-arm intervention study that included three different fibre types (mainly insoluble, soluble, and antioxidant fibre) supplemented (19.2 g/day) during 2 months in individuals with hypercholesterolemia was developed. Changes in faecal microbiota and blood lipid profile after fibre supplementation were determined. In all volunteers, regardless of fibre type, an increase in the abundance of Bifidobacterium was observed, and similarly, an inverse relationship between faecal propionic acid and blood LDL-cholesterol, LDL particle size, and LDL/HDL particle ratio (p-values 0.0067, 0.0002, and 0.0067, respectively) was observed. However, not all volunteers presented an improvement in lipid profile. The non-responders to fibre treatment showed a decrease in microbiota diversity (Shannon and Simpson diversity index p-values of 0.0110 and 0.0255, respectively) after the intervention; where the reduction in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) producing bacterial genera such as Clostridium XIVa and Ruminococcus after dietary fibre treatment was the main difference. It was concluded that the non-responsiveness to dietary fibre treatment might be mediated by the lack of ability to maintain a stable SCFA producing bacteria diversity and composition after extra fibre intake.
Highlights
In recent years, several intervention trials focusing on the cholesterol-lowering effects of fibre-rich diets have been developed [1]
Lipoprotein particle size analysis was characterized by lower levels of small LDL and large HDL particles, and a low mean HDL particle size (HDL-z), which is associated with atherosclerosis [16,21]
In a previous study from our group, we observed that subjects with hypercholesterolemia compared to subjects with normocholesterolemia were characterized with a higher abundance of Odoribacter and a lower abundance of Anaeroplasma and Haemophilus [6], which were associated with a differential profile in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs)
Summary
Several intervention trials focusing on the cholesterol-lowering effects of fibre-rich diets have been developed [1]. The data on the effects of fibre supplementation on plasma lipids are still limited and controversial; some of them show lipid profile improvements that did not reach statistical significance [3,4]. Fusobacteria, and a low abundance of Oscillospira have been associated with hypertriglyceridemia [7], whereas faecal isobutyric acid content correlated positively with Odoribacter and an unfavourable lipid profile [6]. In this sense, differences in microbiota profile and dietary fibre intake between subjects may predispose to variability in the lipid metabolism response to dietary fibre supplementation. The modulation of the gut microbiota via dietary approaches could be a promising option for improving dyslipidemia
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