Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Cell invasion is an important step in the process of cancer metastasis. Herein, gold nanorods (GNRs) and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-coated GNRs were conjugated with polydopamine (PDA). The PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated excellent colloidal stability upon lyophilization and dispersion in cell culture media with or without the addition of fetal bovine albumin (FBS), compared to unconjugated GNRs. PDA-nanoconjugates exhibited a considerable cytotoxicity against DU-145 and PC3 prostate cancer cell lines over a concentration range of 48 μg/mL–12 μg/mL, while they were biocompatible over a concentration range of 3.0 μg/mL–0.185 μg/mL. Furthermore, PDA-nanoconjugates demonstrated possible anti-invasion activity towards prostate cancer cell lines, particularly DU-145 cell line, by reducing cell migration and cell adhesion properties. The PDA-nanoconjugates could be considered a promising nano-platform toward cancer treatment by reducing the invasion activity; it could also be considered a drug delivery system for chemotherapeutic agents.
Highlights
The size and structure, in addition to the optical properties and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and the capability of their surface to be functionalized with a wide variety of ligands, make them strongly involved in drug delivery, diagnostics, therapy and biosensing [1]
The UV-Vis absorption spectrum profile of gold nanorods (GNRs) revealed typical transverse and longitudinal peaks appeared at ~520 nm and ~820 nm, respectively, with no significant peak broadening or tailing, which indicates the excellent colloidal stability of the nanorods (Figure 1A)
Functionalization of GNRs with polyethylene glycol (PEG)-SH resulted in a slight shift of the optical spectrum due to the surface coating (Figure 1B)
Summary
The size and structure, in addition to the optical properties and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), and the capability of their surface to be functionalized with a wide variety of ligands, make them strongly involved in drug delivery, diagnostics, therapy and biosensing [1]. A lack of targeting and the severe toxicity caused by chemotherapeutic drugs remains as some of the most important limitations in cancer treatment advancement. Nanoparticle-based therapeutic systems have already been introduced into the market for the diagnosis and treatment of cancers. Metastasis of prostate cancers can complicate the disease and result in a poor prognosis. Invasion is an important step in the metastasis process, and drugs that can inhibit any part of the invasion cascade can play a role in the treatment of cancer. GNPs have been utilized to diagnose and treat prostate cancer in several studies [8,9,10,11]. Few publications concerning the invasion inhibition properties of GNPs as a mono or combined therapy against prostate cancer cells
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