Colloidal Silver Hydrogen Peroxide: New Generation Molecule for Management of Phytopathogens

Hosapura Shekhararaju Mahesha,Shadi Shokralla,Eman A Mahmoud,Jayasuvarnapura Umapathi Vinay,Hanamant Mudakappa Halli,Suryanarayana Visweswarashastry,Hosam O Elansary,Manikyanahalli Chandrashekhara Keerthi,Medikeripura Rekhyanaik Ravikumar,Tarek K Zin El-Abedin

doi:10.3390/horticulturae7120573

Abstract

Plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria are a significant threat to global commercial crop production resulting in increased cost of production, reduced crop establishment and productivity. An effort was made to study the antimicrobial activity of silver hydrogen peroxide (SHP) against selected plant pathogenic fungi and bacteria under in vitro conditions. Higher antibacterial activity of SHP was observed against Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac; 39.67 mm), Xanthomonas citri pv. punicae (Xap; 39.00 mm), and Ralstonia solanacearum (Rs; 36.67 mm) at 500 ppm concentration. SHP was superior to streptocycline (500 ppm) against Xac (25.33 mm) and Xcp (22.67 mm) at 100 ppm. The soil-borne fungi viz., Pythium aphanidermatum and Fusarium solani failed to initiate mycelium growth on PDA at the concentration of 5000 ppm and above. The average size of SHP particles was 462 nm in diameter, and 73.40% of particles had the size of 378 nm, which reflects the particles present in SHP solution in the form of colloids. The effective doses (100–5000 ppm) did not show any phytotoxicity symptoms in plants, while leaf necrosis was noticed at 10,000 ppm after four days of application. SHP (≤5000 ppm) can be used to effectively manage both fungal and bacterial plant pathogens by a single application. Further field studies need to be conducted for validation and commercial use of SHP.

Highlights

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Agricultural productivity is threatened by biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in loss of productivity in terms of both quality and quantity [1]
The colony of P. aphanidermatum on PDA was smooth with white, cottony aerial filamentous mycelium, later turning to greyish-white colour
The results revealed that all three bacteria produced an amplicon size of 1.4 kb

Summary

Introduction

Agricultural productivity is threatened by biotic and abiotic stresses resulting in loss of productivity in terms of both quality and quantity [1]. Biotic stresses such as pathogens, insects, and weeds account for 20 to 40 per cent of global crop loss every year [2]. Both pests and diseases cause direct and indirect losses to the crop. If we assume an average crop loss of 20 per cent, with the present gross value of our agriculture produce at Rs 7 lakh crore, the average loss comes to Rs. 140,000 crores [3].

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