Colloidal nanoparticles of a β-cyclodextrin/L-Tryptophan inclusion complex for use as Pickering emulsion stabilizers

Abstract

Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and tryptophan (Trp) were synthesized using an antisolvent approach, and fully characterized. Scanning electron microscope images proved the formation of the β-CD/Trp nanoparticles (NP) and the powder X-ray diffraction pattern indicated the formation of a crystalline channel-like structure for the β-CD/Trp NPs (NPs). The NPs of a β-CD/Trp inclusion complex were used as a natural stabilizer at the oil/water interface of a Pickering emulsion. Pickering emulsions with an oil to water ratio of 1:1 (v:v) were obtained under high-speed homogenization and different mass ratios of the β-CD to Trp (1:0, 1:0.1, 1:0.25, 1:0.5, 1:1), and at different pH levels (3, 5, 7, 9). At pH 9, when the β-CD:Trp mass ratio was 1:0.1, the β-CD/Trp NPs were hydrophilic, and the oil-in-water Pickering emulsions stabilized by those nanoparticles showed the highest storage stability: 180 days at room temperature. In contrast, when the emulsions were prepared at pH 5 with the weight ratios of either 1:0.1 or 1:1, β-CD:Trp, the nanoparticles were hydrophobic and could be used to stabilize water-in-oil Pickering emulsions.