Abstract
To maximize the anodic charge storage capacity of Li-ion and Na-ion batteries (LIBs and SIBs, respectively), the conversion–alloying-type Sb2S3 anode has attracted considerable interest because of its merits of a high theoretical capacity of 946 mAh g−1 and a suitable anodic lithiation/delithiation voltage window of 0.1–2 V vs. Li+/Li. Recent advances in nanostructuring of the Sb2S3 anode provide an effective way of mitigating the challenges of structure conversion and volume expansion upon lithiation/sodiation that severely hinder the Sb2S3 cycling stability. In this context, we report uniformly sized colloidal Sb2S3 nanoparticles (NPs) as a model Sb2S3 anode material for LIBs and SIBs to investigate the effect of the primary particle size on the electrochemical performance of the Sb2S3 anode. We found that compared with microcrystalline Sb2S3, smaller ca. 20–25 nm and ca. 180–200 nm Sb2S3 NPs exhibit enhanced cycling stability as anode materials in both rechargeable LIBs and SIBs. Importantly, for the ca. 20–25 nm Sb2S3 NPs, a high initial Li-ion storage capacity of 742 mAh g−1 was achieved at a current density of 2.4 A g−1. At least 55% of this capacity was retained after 1200 cycles, which is among the most stable performance Sb2S3 anodes for LIBs.
Highlights
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most well-known rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, and they are a key component of electric mobility and portable electronics[1,2,3,4]
We found that at current rates of 0.3–12 A g−1, the Li-ion storage capacities for anodes composed of both ca. 20–25 nm (1055–608 mAh g−1) and ca. 180–200 nm Sb2S3 (970–574 mAh g−1) were significantly higher than for their bulk counterpart (683–418 mAh g−1)
The reaction temperature was maintained at 120 °C for 15 min
Summary
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most well-known rechargeable electrochemical energy storage devices, and they are a key component of electric mobility and portable electronics[1,2,3,4]. Graphite is currently the main commercialized anode material for LIBs, its low theoretical charge storage capacity (372 mAh g−1) limits its application in new generation batteries, requiring exploration of new electrode materials with higher capacity and stable cycling performance. Sb2S3 can generate a specific capacity as high as 946 mAh g−1 through conversion and alloying reactions (corresponding to 12 mol of lithium/sodium and electrons per formula unit) Harnessing this storage potential of Sb2S3 is hindered by its poor capacity retention owing to the structural (conversion) and volume (alloying) changes during discharging/charging, which lead to mechanical disintegration of the electrodes and loss of electrical connectivity. Unprecedented Li-ion capacity retention of 55% was achieved for ca. 20–25 nm Sb2S3 NPs at a current density of 2.4 A g−1 after 1200 cycles
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