Abstract
Molecular analyses of a large population of isolates, previously identified as group B or genetic group A4 of the Colletotrichum acutatum species complex, mainly of Italian origin from olive, but also from other hosts collected since 1992, confirmed a well-resolved phylogenetic lineage with distinctive phenotypic characters which can be recognized as a separate species. Based on RAPD genomic fingerprinting, ITS and β-tubulin DNA sequences, this species was clearly distinct from C. acutatum sensu stricto , C. fioriniae and C. simmondsii as well as from the genetic groups A1, A6, A7 and A8, all previously referred to as C. acutatum sensu lato . Group A4 is widespread in Europe, being responsible for olive anthracnose epidemics in some Mediterranean countries, including Greece, Italy, Montenegro, Portugal and Spain; moreover, it causes anthracnose diseases on a wide range of other hosts including about 20 different genera of woody and herbaceous plants, ornamentals and fruit trees. This new anamorphic taxon is described as Colletotrichum clavatum sp. nov.
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