Abstract
The neutron-deficient Pb isotopes have been studied in Coulomb-excitation experiments employing the Miniball γ-ray spectrometer and radioactive ion beams from the REX-ISOLDE post-accelerator at CERN. The reduced transition probabilities of the first excited 2+ states in 196Pb and 198Pb nuclei have been measured for the first time. Values of W.u. and W.u., were obtained, respectively. The experiment sheds light on the development of collectivity when moving from the regime governed by the generalised seniority scheme to a region, where intruding structures, associated with different deformed shapes, start to come down in energy and approach the spherical ground state.
Highlights
Atomic nuclei can be considered as unique laboratories for studies of exotic phenomena
In addition to measurements reported in the present work, Coulomb excitation (Coulex) data have been obtained for the even-mass 188−194Pb isotopes [42] at ISOLDE
The collectivity of the first excited 2+ states in the neutron-deficient 196Pb and 198Pb nuclei have been measured in Coulex experiments employing radioactive ion beams in inverse kinematics
Summary
Atomic nuclei can be considered as unique laboratories for studies of exotic phenomena. The movements of single neutrons or protons and their tendency to couple, combined with collective motions of groups of nucleons, can result in different intrinsic configurations at degenerate energies. Coulex of short-lived nuclei has recently been employed at the first generation RIB facilities and it is one of the most important methods for probing collectivity in exotic nuclei as the production cross sections are much higher than for example in fusion-evaporation reactions. Collectivity in this region has been studied in Coulex experiments in the even-mass 182−188Hg, 196−202Po and 202−206Rn isotopes [26, 27, 28] and in the lifetime measurements of even-mass 180−188Hg, 186,188Pb and 194,196Po nuclei [29, 30, 31, 32, 33]. The role of Coulex experiments will become increasingly important at HIE-ISOLDE and with the advent of next-generation RIB facilities
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