Abstract
Collective interaction occurs in many natural and artificial matters in broad scales. In a biological system, collective spatial organization of live individuals in a colony is important for their viability determination. Interactive motions between a single individual and an agglomerate are critical for whole procedure of the collective behaviors, but few has been clarified for these intermediate range behaviors. Here, collective interactions of microscale matters are investigated with human cells, plant seeds and artificial microspheres in terms of commonly occurring spatial arrangements. Human cancer cells are inherently attractive to form an agglomerate by cohesive motion, while plant chia seeds are repulsive by excreting mucilage. Microsphere model is employed to investigate the dynamic assembly equilibrated by an attraction and repulsion. There is a fundamental analogy in terms of an onset of regular pattern formation even without physical contact of individuals. The collective interactions are suggested to start before the individual components become physically agglomerated. This study contributes to fundamental understanding on the microscale particulate matters and natural pattern formation which are further useful for various applications both in academic and industrial areas.
Highlights
Collective interaction occurs in many natural and artificial matters in broad scales
The current results demonstrate quantitative measurement of microscale interactions of live and inanimate particulate matters, which are eminently plausible in nature
The human cells, plant seeds and artificial microsphere interactions in the intermediate ranges between a single individual and an agglomerate exhibit a significant analogy in terms of an optimized distance distribution after a multimodal diversity
Summary
Collective interaction occurs in many natural and artificial matters in broad scales. Collective interactions of microscale matters are investigated with human cells, plant seeds and artificial microspheres in terms of commonly occurring spatial arrangements. Collective behaviors occurring in almost every scales from animals to unicellular organisms[3,4] as well as in inanimate particles[5,6] are one important way of dynamic pattern formation. In terms of the pattern formation driven by collective behaviors, the local alignment across the population of motile individual results in an order over the length scales greater than the range of individual interaction. The transition from quasi-stable to stable aggregates exhibiting collective migration occurs by attractants and motility-inducing chemicals released from the cells. The issues on the collective behaviors that occurs in nature are the mutual interaction among the individual components wherein a range of correlation is determined[23,24]. Between the isolated single cell and continuum limit of a physically contiguous cell sheet, the region where the cells are not in physical contact but in cooperation is not fully described yet
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