Abstract
Group-theoretical analysis and subsequent quantum-chemical calculations based on the molecular orbital method applied to a cyclic model of 3D semimetallic graphite lead to a multiplet of spectroscopic combinations of Slater determinants. The transition energies ΔE between terms of the multiplet are interpreted as the energies of collective electron mesoscopic excitations ℏω in the entire set of electron states characterizing the metal-type conductivity of a cluster. The estimate ℏω∼0.2ΔE(N0/1000)2/3 is obtained for a cluster consisting of N0 primitive cells. Depending on the thermal processing, N0=(0.3–20)×106 in pyrolytic graphite, and accordingly ℏω∼(10–150) eV. In the case when the energy cannot be determined accurately, methods permitting the variation of an excitation over a wide range (such as the spectroscopy of synchrotron radiation absorption and the characteristic energy losses of charged particles) appear to be the most promising.
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